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ENGINEERING TOLERANCES
4.0 LIMITS AND FITS
1. Type of manufacture.
2. Method of machining.
3. Condition of machine.
4. Skill of machinist.
5. Time taken.
6. Geometry of the product.
7. Condition of measuring tools.
8. Condition of measuring.
It is impossible to produce a component to an
absolute or 100% dimensional accuracy. The
variations in size of the components are
caused by the following factors.
Therefore depending upon the functional
requirements of a work, some variation is
permitted on it.
This permissible variation is called tolerance.
Though functional requirement is the primary
consideration there are other factors like
standardization, methodisation,
manufacturing needs etc., which influence the
choice of tolerance.
Fundamental deviation
(lower deviation)
Tolrance zone
Zero line
All modern limit system employed the hole basis system. The chief reason
is that it is easier to vary the size of shaft than that of hole. In majority of
drawings in engineering work are produced with drill, reamer or some similar
tools and vary the size of the hole would necessitate the use of very large
number of tools of varying sizes. However in some instants shaft basis system
goes to more advantages to use than that of an hole basis system.
4.6.3 GUIDELINE FOR SELECTION OF FIT
20g6 es = -7
ei = -20
Maximum shaft size = 19.993
Minimum shaft size = 19.980
Minimum clearance : Minimum clearance exists when the shaft is made to its maximum size and
hole to its minimum size. i.e when shaft size 19.993 and hole size is 20.00 mm
Minimum clearance =20.000-19.993
= 0.007mm
Maximum clearance : Maximum clearance exists when the shaft is made to its minimum size and
hole its maximum size. i.e when shaft size is19.980mm and hole size is 20.021mm
20H7 ES = +.021
EI = 0
30H7 - ES =+21
EI = 0
Maximum hole size =30.021mm
Minimum hole size = 30.000mm
30j6 es = +9
ei = -4
Maximum shaft size=30.009mm
Minimum shaft size = 29.996mm
Maximum interference = maximum shaft size- minimum hole size
= 30.009-30.000
= 0.009mm
Thus part with tolerance of 0.001mm is obtained and both the conditions of
high quality and low cost can be served by selective assembly techniques.