KELAINAN PIGMENTASI

DR. ISMIRALDA OKE PUTRANTI, SPKK

DEP/KSM IK.KULIT DAN KELAMIN FK UNSOED/RSMS
2016
White Lesion (Leucoderma)
Causes :
Lack of melanin pigment due tue :
Decrease number of melanocytes (vitiligo)
Defect of melanogenesis

A localized vasoconstriction
Other mechanisms :
Special keratosis in warts and molluscum
contagiosum
Tension exerted on the epidermis by the wall of
cyst
Deposit of white substances (skin calcification)
Cutaneous sclerosisor hyalinization of collagen
bundles (morphea, lichen sclerosus) 2

Post inflammatory
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ALBINISME
ALBINISME
Resesif
Lesi hipopigmentasi generalisata
Etio : disfungsi komplemen normal melanosit parsial/total
hipopigmentasi (gangguan deferensiasi melanosit)
Tipe
OCA 1 krn hilangnya fungsi tirosinase akibat mutase gen
TYR total albinisme
OCA 2 mutasi gen OCA (P), lengan kromosom 15q
disertai freckles
OCA 3 mutase gen TYRP1
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome disertai fibrosis paru
Chediak-Highasi Syndrome defek imunologi berat
KELAINAN PIGMENTASI GENETIK LAIN

Waardenburg Syndrome, Teitz Piebaldisme : bercak

Synd. : defek pigmentasi pada iris hipopigmentasi pada ventral/lateral
dan rambut, tuli kongenital dan tubuh dan ekstremitas, poliosis
defek kraniofasial
VITILIGO

Penyakit autoimun, genetik

Etio pasti belum jelas kematian melanosit
Tipe vitiligo :
Generalisata (vulgaris, akrofasial, mixed)
Universalis
Lokalisata (segmental, fokal, mukokutan)
 Terapi :
HIPERMELANOSITOSIS
Dark Lesions (Black, brown, blue, grey)
Hyperpigmentation / hypermelanoses
high melanin deposit (black, brown >>)
Causes :
Genetics :
Caf-au-lait macules (Albrights
syndrome, Neurofibromatosis);
Freckles and lentigenes,
Mongolian spots
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Acquired :
Pigment deposition : metals (gold,silver), tattoo
Endocrine : Addisons disease, Melasma
Medications : chemotherapeutics, phenothiazines,
antibiotic (minocycline)
Nutritional : pellagra,Vit B12 def
Post inflammatory
Sistemic diseases : haemochromatoses, porphyria
Reduction of peripheral oxygen cyanosis
 Hypermelanocytoses melanocytes >> (Blue, grey ceruloderma)
Nevi of Ota / Nevi of Ito

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Yellowish Skin (Xanthoderma)
Altering epidermis or dermis
Stratum corneum thickening producing
Yellowish keratosis
Alteration of connective tissue elastic fibers
(pseudoxanthoma elasticum), collagen bundles
(collagenic hamartomas)
Abnomal deposit lipid deposit (xanthomas,
xanthelasma), lipoprotein deposits
(lipoproteinomas)
Exssesive carotenoid deposits in hypodermis and
startum corneum hypercarotenemia
Granulomatous/histolytic cell infiltrates.
Jaundice : Bilirubin extracellulare fluids 13
(intradermal, conjunctival membrane/other
mucous membrane Hyperbilirubinemia