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FACULTY OF PHARMACY

Introduction to Pharmacy Profession


Course Code: BPH 1101
Lecture 1:

Introduction to the course and history of pharmacy

Khairulanwar bin Husain


C:10/8/2017 1
Introduction to Pharmacy Profession BPH 1101
Credit Hour : 2
Course Objectives

To enable students to acquire sufficient understanding


and knowledge of:

1. the profession of pharmacy.


2. the development of the profession and its history.
3. the various areas of pharmacy practice.
4. the challenges to the profession
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Course learning outcome

1. Recognise the terms pharmacy and


profession.
2. Outline the process of development of the
3. pharmacy profession both internationally
and nationally.
4 Recognise the roles of a pharmacist in
different sectors of the healthcare system.

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Synopsis

The course introduces the students to the


profession of pharmacy and the various issues
related to the profession. It provides a
background for understanding the significance
of the other subjects that will be covered in the
programme

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Method of Assessment

Continuous Assessment Final Exam Overall Total

Presentation Report on Visits to Quiz Mid-semester Exam


hospital,
pharmaceutical
industry and
community pharmacy

5% 12% 3% 20%

40% 60% 100%

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Reference

Main Reference

1. Beringer P, DerMarderosian A, Felton L, Gelone S, Gennaro AR et al, Remington: The Science and
Practice of Pharmacy, Vol. 1, 21st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.

Other References
1. http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/prescription-drugs-abuse-addiction/preventing-recognizing-
prescription-drug-abuse
2. www.pharmacy.gov.my/en/content/pharmacy-board.html
3. www.mps.org.my
4.www.researchgate.net/publication/27363079_a_literature_review_on_current_tropical_diseases
5. Muhamad Hanafiah Juni (2014). Three Decades of Health Financing Studies: Did Malaysia Learn
Anything?, International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, Vol. 1: No. 1. Sept/Oct. 2014
6. http://www.bpfk.gov.my

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Definition

Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing and


dispensing medications and the provision of drug-
related information to the public. It involves the
interpretation of prescription orders; the
compounding, labeling, and dispensing of drugs and
devices; drug product selection and drug utilization
reviews; patient monitoring and intervention; and the
provision of cognitive services related to use of
medications and devices
(Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy)

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The Word Pharmacy

pharmacy (n.) late 14c., "a medicine," from Old French farmacie "a
purgative" (13c.), from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from
Greek pharmakeia "use of drugs, medicines, potions, or spells;
poisoning, witchcraft; remedy, cure,"
from pharmakeus (fem. pharmakis) "preparer of drugs, poisoner,
sorcerer" from pharmakon"drug, poison, philter, charm, spell,
enchantment." Meaning "use or administration of drugs" is attested
from c. 1400; that of "place where drugs are prepared and
dispensed" is first recorded 1833. The ph- was restored 16c. in
French, 17c. in English

(http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pharmacy)

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WHO definition
Pharmaceutical care is a philosophy of practice in which the
patient is the primary beneficiary of the pharmacists
actions. Pharmaceutical care focuses the attitudes,
behaviors, commitments, concerns, ethics, functions,
knowledge, responsibilities and skills of the pharmacist on
the provision of drug therapy with the goal of achieving
definite therapeutic outcomes toward patient health and
quality of life.
Clinical pharmacy is a health science discipline in which
pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes medication
therapy and promotes health, wellness and disease
prevention. (ACCP)

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History of Pharmacy Profession

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History of the Pharmacy service

There were people who sell medicine from the beginning of human history,
including in Malaysia
1951 Registration of pharmacy act
1952 Poison act
1952 Dangerous drug act
To procure, store and distribute drugs that was received from the United Kingdom
through the crown agent
1969 Government Pharmaceutical Laboratories and Stores was set up to
provide medication to the public
Pharmacist are known as Pharmaceutical Chemistry Superintendent
1974 Rename as Pharmaceutical Services Division
1976 Pharmacy Enforcement unit was formed
1984 Control of Drugs and Cosmetics Regulation
1985 Drug Control Authority was formed
To ensure quality, safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products prior to marketing

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QIUP Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree
1. Basic medical and health sciences same subjects as
for medical undergraduates ; i.e physiology, anatomy,
pathology, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology.
2. Pharmaceutical technology, pharmaceutics, quality of
medicines
3. Pharmacology
4. Pharmacokinetics
5. Pharmacotherapy
6. Clinical pharmacy

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Evolution of Pharmaceutical Care
1990 Hepler, C.D.; Strand, L.M.
Pharmaceutical care is the responsible
provision of drug therapy for the purpose of
achieving definite outcomes which improve a
patients Quality of life
Pharmaceutical care is the care from anyone
for a patient in the field of pharmacotherapy
in order to assure (optimal) quality of life.

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In recent years the direction of travel for
community pharmacy has focused on the
transition from a business model that relies
predominantly on dispensing services, to one
that is more heavily reliant on providing clinical
services. Examples of opportunities highlighted
include the introduction of MURs (including
targeted MURs) and the NMS, the Healthy living
Pharmacy (HLP) initiative, the offer of NHS
treatments for many minor ailments, and the
introduction of screening sevices

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Patient the center of care
Many healthcare providers team
Team headed by a medical doctor
Care provided by:
Medical care
Dental care
Pharmaceutical care
Physiotherapy
Nursing care
others

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Challenges to the roles of pharmacist
in different practice areas profession
in evolution
Different country different level of attainment if practice
Community pharmacy Malaysia vs the rest of the world-
dispensing separation
Pharmaceutical industry GMP, GDP ensuring quality of medicines
along the supply chain
Clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care in public hospitals in
Malaysia- general hospitals have comprehensive service.
Private hospitals focusing on basic supply and dispensing of
medicines
Due recognition from medical doctors and the need for the
profession to com to the fore front on all matters regarding
Medicines and Drugs
Public perception, confusing terminology

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Summary

Evolution of pharmacy practice from product oriented practice to


patient oriented practice
Pharmacist role in the industry still very much needed despite
industrialization.
Pharmacist continue to play a crucial and definitive role in
healthcare in Malaysia
Community Pharmacist is the first line of contact for general public
for minor ailments
Pharmacist graduate must have the confidence and knowledge to
be able to communicate with other healthcare professionals
Various areas of pharmacy practice community, industry, hospital
(management and clinical), academia, research.

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Thank You

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