Covalent Bonding

DO NOW
Discussing with a partner: What is the
purpose of bonding?
Learning Intention Success Criteria

To understand the I can name covalent

formation of covalent compounds.
bonds.
Metallic Bonding 10/15/2017 1
 Year 10
Chemistry

Covalent Bonding
Why does bonding occur?
For atoms to become stable they must have a
complete outer electron shell. To do so they
either gain or lose electrons and in turn form
bonds.

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Recap: Bonding
Metallic Bonding Bonding between metal atoms.
Metal atoms easily lose electrons to form a sea of
electrons which attracts the now positive metal
cations.
Ionic Bonding Bonding between a metal and
non-metal. Attraction occurs when metal donates
electrons to non-metal to form cation and anion.
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Recap: Electronegativity
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to
itself.

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https://journeyoflight79.wordpress.com/2012/02/
What do you know

What do you know about covalent bonding?

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Sharing Electrons
Covalent bonding occurs between non-metal atoms. To
complete their outer shell, they share electrons and form
a covalent bond as a result.

Why might they share electrons rather than donate or

gain?
Non-metals all want to gain electrons.
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Electron Pairs
A reaction occurs when two or
more atoms collide.
In covalent bonding, the nucleus
of one atom attracts the
electrons of another atom.
This mutual attraction forms the
sharing of their electron(s).
The sharing results in an
electron pair between atoms.
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Model 1

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Model 2

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Visualizing Covalent Bonds

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bonding.html

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Multiplicity of Bonds
Elements can bond to multiple
other elements (we know this
from metallic and ionic bonding).
But in covalent bonding, you can
have multiple bonds between two
atoms.
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 Examples of Covalent
Compounds

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Comparing Ionic to Covalent
Ionic bonding is like a couple living
together, you are very happy at the
moment but if another attractive ion
comes along, with the right charge, then it
is like I'm outta here, baby. On the other
hand covalent bonding is more like
marriage, it takes energy (ie. guns,
lawyers,or money) to break that bond.
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 Lewis Structure/
Calculating the Electron Dot Diagram
number of bonds
To calculate the number of
covalent bonds that can be made.
We need to look at the valence
electrons.
A Lewis Structure (AKA Electron
Dot Diagram) shows us how
electrons many electrons are
available for bonding.
Essentially for each missing
electron, an element can form
one covalent bond.

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 Using Lewis Structures
Oxygen is missing 2 electrons, so it
can form 2 bonds.

Fluorine is missing 1 electron so it

can form 1 bond.

Pair up each side with a lone

electron to form an electron pair.
This electron pair is the covalent
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bond formed.
Representing Covalent Bonds
A line is used to
show electron
pairs that are
Cl Cl shared
Electron Dot Diagram
Cl Cl
Structural
Diagram
Double Bonds
Sometimes covalent bonds can form double
bonds if there are enough electrons to pair.
Ex: Oxygen forms a double bond with itself to
form O2.

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You Do
Draw Lewis dot diagrams of each element.
Then draw Lewis dot diagrams showing the
bonding that occurs between each of the
elements in the table. Circle the electrons
that belong to each atom.
Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen

Hydrogen

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/covalent-bonds.html
Naming Covalent Compounds
Rules
1. The first element is named first, using the
elements name.
2. Second element is named as an Anion (suffix "-
ide")
3. Prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms
4. "Mono" is not used to name the first element
Prefix Table
Number of atoms Prefix Number of atoms Prefix

1 Mono 6 Hexa

2 Di 7 Hepta

3 Tri 8 Octa

4 Tetra 9 Nona

5 Penta 10 Deca
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Naming Covalent Compounds
Rules
1. The first element is named first, using the
elements name. Generally this is the least
electronegative element.
2. Second element is named as an Anion (suffix
"-ide")
3. Prefixes are used to denote the number of
atoms.
4. "Mono" is not used to name the first element
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Examples:
CO2 Rules
1. The first element is named first, using the
elements name.
2. Second element is named as an Anion (suffix "-

1. Carbon ide")
3. Prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms
4. "Mono" is not used to name the first element

2. Carbon oxide
3&4. Carbon Dioxide
Examples: Rules

N2O5
1. The first element is named first, using the
elements name.
2. Second element is named as an Anion (suffix "-
ide")

1. Nitrogen 3. Prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms

4. "Mono" is not used to name the first element

2. Nitrogen oxide
3&4. Dinitrogen Pentoxide
You Do
Write the names for each of the
covalent compounds in your table
underneath the Lewis Structures.
Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen

Hydrogen

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tetrahydride /covalent-bonds.html
Once completed.
Finish Booklet 2 Bonding
Models

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