Is a muscle about the size of your fist

Weighs approximately one pound

Is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone
Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute
The function of the heart is to circulate blood throughout the
body by:

Pumping blood through the lungs removes carbon dioxide

and refreshes the blood with oxygen
The oxygenated blood is pumped to the body to provide
oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products.
The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood
and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Blood Supply To The Heart

2 coronary arteries branch from

the main aorta just above the
aortic valve. No larger than
drinking straws, they divide and
encircle the heart to cover its
surface with a lacy network that
reminded physicians of a slightly
crooked crown (coronary comes
from the Latin coronarius,
belonging to a crown or wreath).
They carry out about 130 gallons
of blood through the heart
muscle daily. (Clark, 119)
 Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is one of the most common
and serious effects of aging. Fatty deposits build up in
blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for
the movement of blood. The resulting condition,
called atherosclerosis often leads to eventual
blockage of the coronary arteries and a heart attack.
Cardiovascular disease claimed 39.4 percent of all
deaths or 1 of every 2.5 deaths in the United States in
2000. CVD was about 60 percent of total mention
mortality. This means that of over 2,400,000 deaths
from all causes, CVD was listed as a primary or
contributing cause on about 1,415,000 death certificates.
(American Heart Disease)
 Signs and Symptoms None: This is referred to as silent
ischemia. Blood to your heart may be
restricted due to CAD, but you dont
feel any effects.
Chest
None Pain Chest pain: If your coronary arteries
cant supply enough blood to meet the
oxygen demands of your heart, the
result may be chest pain called angina.
Shortness of breath: Some people may
not be aware they have CAD until they
Signs & develop symptoms of congestive heart
Symptoms failure- extreme fatigue with exertion,
shortness of breath and swelling in
their feet and ankles.
Heart attack: Results when an artery to
your heart muscle becomes completely
Shortness Heart blocked and the party of your heart
muscles fed by that artery dies.
Of Breath Attack
 can, and does,
occur in almost any artery in the body. But in
the heart its effects can be crucial. The body
depends on a strong pumping heart to circulate
life-giving blood, and this includes to the heart
muscle itself. If the coronary arteries become
blocked, the cardiac muscle begins to fail, and
so the blood circulation decreases, which
includes the circulation to the heart muscle
itself. (Thibodeau, 494)
High blood cholesterol
High blood pressure
Smoking
Obesity
Lack of physical activity
 Risk Factors
Controllable
Uncontrollable
Uncontrollable
Sex High blood pressure

Hereditary High blood cholesterol

Race Smoking
Physical activity
Age
Obesity
Diabetes
Stress and anger
 Screening and Diagnosis

me me shows
as asu
ur res
es

c
i fi
ec
od

coronaries
sp
ele ctrical

Electro- blo Stress Coronary

cardiogram Test Angiography

ar t

Sit
he

es
es su

of
to
l s pp
pu ly
Narrowi
ng in
im
Blood tests: used to evaluate kidney and thyroid
function as well as to check cholesterol levels and
the presence of anemia.
Chest X-ray: shows the size of your heart and
whether there is fluid build up around the heart and
lungs.
Echocardiogram: shows a graphic outline of the
hearts movement
Ejection fraction (EF): determines how well your
heart pumps with each beat.
Many people are able to manage
coronary artery disease with lifestyle
changes and medications.

Other people with severe coronary

artery disease may need angioplasty or
surgery.
Treatment (continued)

1) Stenting
a stent is introduced into a blood vessel on a balloon
catheter and advanced into the blocked area of the artery
the balloon is then inflated and causes the stent to expand
until it fits the inner wall of the vessel, conforming to
contours as needed
the balloon is then deflated and drawn back
The stent stays in place permanently, holding the vessel
open and improving the flow of blood.
 Treatment (continued)

2) Angioplasty
a balloon catheter is passed through the guiding catheter to the
area near the narrowing. A guide wire inside the balloon catheter is
then advanced through the artery until the tip is beyond the
narrowing.
the angioplasty catheter is moved over the guide wire until the
balloon is within the narrowed segment.
balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall
once plaque has been compressed and the artery has been
sufficiently opened, the balloon catheter will be deflated and
removed.
 Treatment (continued)

3) Bypass surgery

healthy blood vessel is removed from leg, arm or chest

blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path in your heart
the bypass graft enables blood to reach your heart by flowing
around (bypassing)
the blocked portion
of the diseased
artery. The increased
blood flow reduces
angina and the risk
of heart attack.
Get regular medical checkups.
Control your blood pressure.
Check your cholesterol.
Dont smoke.
Exercise regularly.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Eat a heart-healthy diet.
Manage stress and anger
 Citations
1. Insel, Paul Core Concepts in Health McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002
2. Clark, John A Visual Guide to the Human Body Barnes & Noble Books, 2001
3. Thibodeau, Gary, Ph.D. Anatomy & Physiology Mosby Books, 2000
4. Marieb, Elaine R.N., Ph.D. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Pearson Education, 2003
5. American Heart Association, Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics, 2003 Update
6. www.Guidant.com
7. www.Webmd.com
8. www.Spotlighthealth.com
9. Mayoclinic.com
10. Americanheart.org
11. Azheart.com
KARAKTERISTIK & POLA HIDUP
Pasti
* Merokok
* Minum alkohol
* Kecanduan obat bius
* Umur
Mungkin
* Pil KB
* Diet Tinggi lemak
* Obesitas
* Tipe Kepribadian A
* Kurang aktifitas fisik (olahraga)
 PENYAKIT
Pasti
* Hipertensi
* HMT >>
* Diabetes Mellitus
* Kadar Fibrinogen >>
* Hiperkholesterolemia

Mungkin
* Asam Urat >>
* Hypothyroidisme
 HIPERTENSI DI INDONESIA
Tidak tahu bahwa menderita hipertensi
Tahu menderita, tapi tidak diobati
Tahu menderita, diobati, tapi tidak teratur, dan
tensi tidak terkendali
Tahu menderita, diobati, teratur, dan tensi
terkendali (5%)
Prevalensi 10%-15% (usia >35 tahun)
Yang berpotensi untuk mendapatkan serangan
stroke;
95% x 10% x 125 juta (usia >35 tahun) =
11.875.000 orang
APA YANG HARUS DIKERJAKAN DAN
BAGAIMANA MENGERJAKANNYA

Sebelum terjadi serangan jantung koroner

setelah terjadi serangan jantung koroner
 APA YANG HARUS DIKERJAKAN DAN
BAGAIMANA MENGERJAKAN?

SEBELUM TERJADI SERANGAN JANTUNG

KORONER

Mengendalikan faktor risiko

(yang dapat dikendalikan)
 FaktorRisiko
& Prevensi primer dari serangan
jantung koroner
Tidak bisa dicegah
Umur Bisa dicegah
Jenis kelamin Lelaki (> Hipertensi (4-5x)
20%) Fibrilasi atrial (5-15x)
Riwayat Keluarga Merokok (2-3x)
Diabetes (2-3x)
Hypercholesterolemia (2x)
 Usaha pencegahan primer
serangan jantung koroner
Apabila menderita hipertensi, kontrol teratur,
kendalikan hipertensi
Apabila merokok, stop merokok
Apabila menderita diabetes, kontrol teratur,
kendalikan diabetes
Olahraga teratur
Kesimbangan diet
Informasikan kepada keluarga yang mempunyai
faktor resiko untuk mengikuti usaha pencegahan
primer serangan jantung koroner
Kendalikan stress dan marah
 Tauhid (iman, taqwa, ikhlas)
Psikologis, sosial, ekonomi
Prevensi FR R/
primer

Sembuh
Serangan jantung
Sehat koroner Outcome Cacat

Pathofisiologi Mati
D/
P/
Indonesia
 Kualitas pribadi mukmin

Iman
Menjalankan
segala perin-
Tauhid Taqwa Pasrah
tah dan meng
pd Allah
hentikan se-
gala
Ikhlas larangan
Allah SWT
Innaddina inda llahi l-islam
(Al Imron, 19)
Makan yang berlebihan

Hipertensi
Hiperkholesterolemia
Diabetes mellitus Hadits 1,
Hadits 2,
Kegemukan

Kadar as.urat >>>

Surat Al Araaf, ayat 31

 Merokok
Merusak Kesehatan Pemborosan

Fatwa MUI ?
Makruh Haram ?

1. Maklumat Raja Ibnu Saud (23/4/1926)

2. Al Israa, 26
3. Bani Israil, 26-27
4. Al Baqarah, 195
 Pengendalian Hipertensi

Makan secukupnya Al Araaf, 31

Olahraga Al Anfaal, 60

Puasa, Zikrullah Al Baqarah, 183-184,

Ar Rad, 28, Hadits

Kontrol teratur
 Al Israa, ayat 82

Dan kami turunkan dari Al

Quran sesuatu yang
menjadi penyembuh dan
rahmat bagi orang-orang
yamg beriman
 Tuntunan Sehat Rasullullah
Selama hidup 2 kali sakit
Waktu menerima wahyu pertama
Waktu akan meninggal
Shalat subuh tepat waktu
Tidur teratur
Makan yang halal dan thoyib
Bersih diri dan menjaga kesehatan lingkungan
Gosok Gigi teratur
Puasa Ramadhan dan puasa Sunnah
Tidak marah
Ikhlas dan sabar dapat mengatasi stress
Tidak iri hati dan dengki
Olahraga
Ajarilah anakmu olahraga (HR Dailami)
Hidup keseharian jalan kaki