Elementos Finitos Aplicados

Ing. Chrisrtian Narvez, Mphil.

2017
 Resumen del Curso
Clases 2xSemana
Material extra disponible en la aula virtual
Sistema de Calificacin
Prueba Conjunta 10 pts.
Prueba Parcial 6 pts.
Deberes 4 pts.
 Bibliografa

Chandrupatla T., Introduction to Finite Elements

in Engineering.
Singiresu Rao, The Finite Element Method in
Engineering.
Daryl Logan, A First Course in the Finite
Element Method.
Reddy J.N., An Introduction to Finite Elements
Method.
 CURSO

UNIDAD TEMAS
1 INTRODUCCIN AL MTODO DE LOS ELEMENTOS FINITOS

INTRODUCCIN A LA MECNICA COMPUTACIONAL

APLICACIN DEL MTODO DE LOS ELEMENTOS FINITOS
SOLUCIN CON SOFTWARE COMERCIAL DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS
DERIVACIN DE LAS ECUACIONES DEL ELEMENTO FINITO
PROBLEMA UNIDIMENSIONAL DE MECNICA DE SOLIDOS
RESOLUCIN DE PROBLEMAS UTILIZANDO SOFTWARE LIBRE
UNIDAD TEMAS
2 PROBLEMAS BIDIMENSIONALES

DERIVACIN DE LAS ECUACIONES DEL ELEMENTO FINITO PARA

PROBLEMAS BIDIMENSIONALES DE MECNICA DE SOLIDOS
RESOLUCIN DE PROBLEMAS UTILIZANDO SOFTWARE LIBRE
RESOLUCIN DE PROBLEMAS UTILIZANDO SOFTWARE COMERCIAL
UNIDAD TEMAS
3 APLICACIN DEL MTODO DE LOS ELEMENTOS FINITOS A
PROBLEMAS DE ELASTICIDAD, TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR Y
FLUIDOS

DERIVACIN DE LAS ECUACIONES DEL ELEMENTO FINITO PARA

PROBLEMAS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR
DERIVACIN DE LAS ECUACIONES DEL ELEMENTO FINITO PARA
PROBLEMAS DE MECNICA DE FLUIDOS
 AIM
POSEER UNA BUENA COMPRENSIN DE LA
TERIA DEL MTODO DE LOS ELEMENTOS
FINITOS Y SER CAPAZ DE IMPLEMENTAR LA
FORMULACIN DE GALERKIN PARA LA
SOLUCIN DE ECUACIONES
DIFERENCIALES.
 What is the finite element method?

El mtodo de elementos finitos (FEM) es una

tcnica numrica para resolver problemas que se
describen por ecuaciones diferenciales parciales.
 How FEM works??
Un problema fsico continuo es transformado
en un problema de elementos finitos con
valores nodales desconocidos. Para un
problema lineal un sistema de ecuaciones
algebraicas lineales debe ser resuelto. Se
pueden recuperar los valores dentro de los
elementos finitos usando valores nodales.
FEM PROCESS
 Idealization
"Un modelo es un dispositivo simblico creado para simular y
predecir aspectos del comportamiento de un sistema".
Abstraccin de la fsica.
 Dicretization

Discretizacin de elementos finitos

El significado fsico se conserva en los

elementos.
Interpretacin y control es ms fcil
 Solution
Algoritmos de solucin de sistema lineal
Eliminacin gaussiana
Transformada Rpida de Fourier
Tcnicas de relajacin

Estimacin de errores.
Anlisis de convergencia.
 Finite Element Method
Interpretacin fsica:
El modelo fsico continuo se divide en pieza finitas
llamadas elementos y se aplican las leyes de la
naturaleza en el elemento genrico. Los resultados
se recombinan para representar el continuo.

Interpretacin matemtica:
La ecuacin diferencial que replica el sistema se
convierte en una forma variacional, que se aproxima
mediante la combinacin lineal de un conjunto finito
de funciones de prueba.
 Role of simulation in design:
Boeing 777

Source: Boeing Web site (http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery/images/commercial/).

Another success ..in failure:
Airbus A380

http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/
Drag Force Analysis of
Aircraft

Question
What is the drag force distribution on the aircraft?
Solve
Navier-Stokes Partial Differential Equations.
Recent Developments
Multigrid Methods for Unstructured Grids
San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge

A finite element model to analyze the

bridge under seismic loads
Courtesy: ADINA R&D
Crush Analysis of Ford Windstar

Question
What is the load-deformation relation?
Solve
Partial Differential Equations of Continuum Mechanics
Recent Developments
Meshless Methods, Iterative methods, Automatic Error Control
Engine Thermal
Analysis

Picture from
http://www.adina.com

Question
What is the temperature distribution in the engine block?
Solve
Poisson Partial Differential Equation.
Recent Developments
Fast Integral Equation Solvers, Monte-Carlo Methods
Electromagnetic
Analysis of Packages

Thanks to
Coventor
http://www.coven
tor.com

Solve
Maxwells Partial Differential Equations
Recent Developments
Fast Solvers for Integral Formulations
Micromachine Device
Performance Analysis

From www.memscap.com

Equations
Elastomechanics, Electrostatics, Stokes Flow.
Recent Developments
Fast Integral Equation Solvers, Matrix-Implicit Multi-level Newton Methods
for coupled domain problems.
 Radiation Therapy of Lung
Cancer

http://www.simulia.com/academics/research_lung.html
Engineering design

Physical Problem

Question regarding the problem

...how large are the deformations?
...how much is the heat transfer?

Mathematical model Assumptions regarding

Geometry
Governed by differential Kinematics
equations Material law
Loading
Boundary conditions
Etc.
 EXAMPLE

Questions:
1. What is the bending moment at section AA?
2. What is the deflection at the pin?
Finite Element Procedures, K J Bathe
 Mathematical model beam

Moment at section AA

Deflection at load

How reliable is this model?

How effective is this model?
Mathematical model plane
stress

Difficult to solve by hand!

General scenario engineering design

Physical Problem

Mathematical model
Governed by differential
equations

Numerical model
e.g., finite element
model
 Engineering design using Finite Element
Analysis

PREPROCESSING
1. Create a geometric model
2. Develop the finite element model

Solid model Finite element model

Element Types
Engineering design using Finite Element
Analysis
FEM analysis scheme

Step 1: Divide the problem domain into non overlapping

regions (elements) connected to each other through
special points (nodes)

Element

Node

Finite element model

Engineering design using Finite Element
Analysis

FEM analysis scheme

Step 2: Describe the behavior of each element

Step 3: Describe the behavior of the entire body by

putting together the behavior of each of the elements
(this is a process known as assembly)
Preprocessing
Step 1

Analysis Step 2

Step 3

Postprocessing
Modeling a physical problem

Physical Problem Change physical

problem

Mathematical Improve
Model mathematical
model

Numerical model

No!
Does answer Refine analysis
make sense?

YES! Design improvements

Structural optimization
Happy
Verification and validation

Physical Problem

Validation
Mathematical
Model
Verification

Numerical model
 HOMEWORK
6 cm
2 cm
10 cm
20 cm

3 cm

Using FEM (commercial code) and MM solve the following

questions:
1. What is the bending moment at section AA?
2. What is the deflection at the pin?
Finite Element Procedures, K J Bathe