Heat / Temperature Control: Maintaining A Stable Fluid Film

Heat / Temperature Control
Maintaining a stable fluid film
John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific
1
Heat in Stuffing Box
Two sources of heat

heat soak from the product
heat generated by the seal
.
John Crane EMA
2
Heat generation: the problem
Pressure drops to
atmospheric
Temperature
increases (~20)
Fluid film
thickness reduces
or disappears
Premature failure.
John Crane EMA

3
Heat generation - the causes
size
speed
temperature
cooling
product properties
flush or multiple
Too much heat generated surfacefinish - faces
will cause dry-running and
materials of faces
excessive wear, resulting in
very short seal life hydraulic pressure
...
John Crane EMA
4
Hydraulic Balance
A brief explanation of
Hydraulic Balance follows
..
John Crane EMA

5
Hydraulic Balance
Balance
diameter

John Crane EMA
Hydraulic Balance
Pressure = 10 kg/cm2
50%
125%
10
0.8 cm2
1 cm2
0
125% - 50% = 75% (7.5 bar)
75% 50%
10
0 .
75% - 50% = 25% (2.5 bar)

John Crane EMA
Hydraulic Balance
.
Unbalanced Pusher Seal Balanced Pusher seal
John Crane EMA

12
Hydraulic Balance
Metal bellows seals are INHERENTLY balanced.
John Crane EMA

13
Hydraulic Balance - Benefits
Reduced heat generation
ideal for unstable and low SG fluids
less heat to be dissipated - less cooling required
Reduced wear rate

longer life
Reduced power required to drive the seal

lower running costs
Increased pressure range for the seal
thissimple modification allows much higher
pressures to be sealed.
John Crane EMA
14
The Environment of a
Mechanical Seal
Cooling the Seal Area
John Crane EMA

15
Heat control / removal
PTFE
Graphite

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA
John Crane EMA

18
API Plan 11 Product recirculation line.
John Crane EMA

19
API Plan 13
Reverse
circulation to
suction
John Crane EMA

20
Ensure flow at
all times:
constant and
even
temperature
Removes heat
generated by
the seal
Do not use
with a cooling
jacket.
John Crane EMA

21
John Crane EMA

22
API Plan 21
John Crane EMA

23
Boiler Feed Seals
Main and Booster

John Crane EMA
API Plan 23

John Crane EMA
Boiler Feed Seals - Type 270F

John Crane EMA
Boiler Feed Seals
Type 85B1RS
John Crane EMA
John Crane EMA

28
API Plan 61 / 62
John Crane EMA

29

John Crane EMA
John Crane EMA

31

John Crane EMA
John Crane EMA

33
Hands-on Exercise
Assemble and Fit a Balanced Pusher Seal

Type 109B or Type 8B1
John Crane EMA

34
Type 8B1 Balanced Elastomer O-Ring Seal
'X'
Gasket
(3) (2) (1)
L65
L3
= Scribed datum lines

Mechanical Seal
Secondary Containment
John Crane EMA

36
To contain hazardous emissions
To contain product leakage when main mechanical
seal finally fails
To isolate product from the atmosphere
coking
crystallising
freezing
polymerising
To contain a quench for other reasons (e.g. cooling)

Non-contacting and contacting.
John Crane EMA

37
Quench and Flush
Quench
low pressure (0.5 bar g)
low flow (0.5 litres/minute)
external to main seal
no contamination
no dilution
Flush
high pressure (>1.0 bar above seal pressure)
injected into seal chamber
cools pumped product
dilutes pumped product.
John Crane EMA

38
Non-contacting
Fixed non-sparking
throttle bush
Minimum requirement
for API 610
Leakage reduction
Any shaft movement
will cause wear.
Use API Plan 61

John Crane EMA
39
Non-contacting (close)
Floating carbon bush
Often segmented for
ease of replacement
Minimum requirement
for API 682
Moves with the shaft
Leakage reduction
Steam quench
Less leakage
Longer life.
Use API Plan 61
John Crane EMA
40
Contacting
Various lipseal type
devices
Isolate product from
atmosphere and contain
any leakage
Must supply lubricant
at all times (quench)
Low pressures only.
Use API Plan 62 or 51

John Crane EMA
41
John Crane EMA

42
Safe-T-Seal
FS

John Crane EMA
John Crane EMA

44
FS Seal and Unitised FS/Bush Seals.
John Crane EMA

45
QW Seal
.
John Crane EMA

46
Leakage Containment
Type 28LD
John Crane EMA
Leakage Containment
Dry Running Secondary Containment Seal
Type 28SC
John Crane EMA
Type 28SC

John Crane EMA
Leakage Containment
Typical Type 48MP / Type 28SC Tandem Installation

John Crane EMA
Secondary Containment - ECS
Low temperature version shown .

John Crane EMA
51
Low Temperature ECS
John Crane EMA

52
Low Temperature ESC
AM 350 Bellows or Hastelloy C-276
Backup / Safety Seal
contain fugitive emissions
enables Primary Seal recovery from upsets
without any emission leakage to atmosphere
allows controlled pump shut-down when
Primary Seal failure occurs
No liquid lubrication required
eliminates wet barrier systems .
Cartridge Seal
John Crane EMA
High Temperature ECS

John Crane EMA
High Temperature ECS
.
Graphite or perfluoroelastomer Positive ball drive
John Crane EMA
High Temperature
John Crane EMA

56
High Temperature ESC
Inconel 718 Bellows & Alloy 42 Shell
Backup / Safety Seal
contain fugitive emissions
enables Primary Seal recovery from upsets
without any emission leakage to atmosphere
allows controlled pump shut-down when
Primary Seal failure occurs
No liquid lubrication required
eliminates wet barrier systems .
Cartridge Seal with positive drive

John Crane EMA
Mechanical Seal
Multiple Seals
John Crane EMA

58
Single seal is not enough
Use multiple seals if:
fluid is toxic
fluid is flammable
environmental
isolation required
fluid changes state
Single seals utilise process fluid is not a good

fluid to provide the lubricant or is a gas
lubricating interface film fluid is unstable
dry running likely.
John Crane EMA
59
Multiple Seals
Two common arrangements
Tandem
low pressure barrier fluid
high integrity secondary containment
inboard seal lubricated by product
Back-to-Back (Double)
pressurised barrier fluid
inboard seal lubricated by barrier fluid
There are many other arrangements

Dual; Series; Concentric; Face-to-Face; etc.
John Crane EMA
60
Multiple seals: Tandem
Inboard Seal
Product
lubricates
this seal
This seal is
under full
product
pressure
Note possible
contamination
Use API Plan 52
of barrier fluid.
Basic tandem non-pressurised double seal
John Crane EMA
61
Outboard Seal
Clean barrier
fluid lubricates
this seal
Barrier fluid is
at low
(atmospheric)
pressure.
Use API Plan 52

John Crane EMA
62
Inboard seal
most likely to
fail first
Barrier fluid
level/pressure
will rise
Outboard seal
acts as secondary
containment
Process can
Use API Plan 52
continue until
completed.
John Crane EMA
63
Multiple Seals: Tandem
Low pressure
fluid supply
John Crane EMA

64
Multiple Seals: Tandem
John Crane EMA

65
Double seals: Back-to-back
Pressurised
barrier fluid is
circulated
round the seals
This lubricates
both sets of
seal faces.
Use API Plan 53
Basic back-to-back pressurised double seal

John Crane EMA
66
If outboard
seal fails,
barrier
pressure will
fail and pump
must be
switched off as
product will
leak out.
Use API Plan 53
Basic back-to-back pressurised double seal

John Crane EMA
67
John Crane EMA

68
Double seals: Face-to-face
Rotating
Mating Stationary
Ring seals
Similar in operation to back-to-back double seal

Much shorter arrangement - only one seat
Simple rotating components.
John Crane EMA
69
Sundyne Pump Seals

John Crane EMA
Double Seals: Face-to-Face

John Crane EMA
Double seals: Face-to-face
Type 7700 Dry-running Double Seals
.
Standard Installation Debris Well Installation
John Crane EMA
72
Mixer / Agitator / Reactor
.
Type 32 - Dry-Running Seal

John Crane EMA
Type 32 Parameters
Performance Data
Type 32
Temperature -40C to +150C

-50F to +300F
Pressure Full vacuum to 15 bar g/225 psig
Speed Up to 2 m/s
or 400 fpm
Size Range 25 to 175 mm .

1.00 to 7.00 in.

John Crane EMA
Double Seals: Concentric
Type 151 Seal for Top-Entry Vessels.

John Crane EMA
76

John Crane EMA
Type 157C Seal for Top Entry, Glass-Lined Mixers

John Crane EMA
78
Double Seals: Top Entry

John Crane EMA
Reverse pressure
1 - A standard O-ring seal

(8B1) Reverse
Pressure
2 - A modified O-ring seal Seal unit rotating

(8B1RP)
Reverse
Pressure
.
John Crane EMA

80
Reverse Pressure
.
Type 8B1RP / Type 8B1
John Crane EMA
Dual Seal
Type 5620
John Crane EMA

82
Mechanical Seal
Sealant Systems
John Crane EMA

83
Sealant Systems
Sealant systems are required to

supplylow pressure sealant to tandem seals
and secondary containment seals
supplypressurised sealant to back-to-back

and other pressurised seal arrangements
cool the barrier fluid (sealant; buffer fluid)
monitor seal condition / leakage.
John Crane EMA

84
Sealant System
Cooling can be
added to the system
System must be
above, and within 3
metres of pump
Fluid circulates by
thermosyphon
May need small
pump or pumping
scroll to assist flow.
John Crane EMA
85
Sealant System
Large bore piping
Smooth bends
Constantly rising
pipe runs
Lagged up-leg
optional
Shortest route.
John Crane EMA

86
Sealant System: Tandem
Fluid level must be Orifice plate.
monitored: Open to
increase = inboard atmospheric
seal failing pressure. Valve
decrease = outboard on this line
seal failing should be open
until inboard
Optional seal failure
temp/pressure
gauges Optional
Pressure switch & circulating pump
flow indicator are
also useful options. Use API Plan 52
John Crane EMA
87
Sealant System: Pressurised
Nitrogen to Pressure
pressurise barrier relief valve
fluid:
1 bar above process Fluid level
pressure at the seal, must be
or 10% above checked
process pressure at regularly
the seal, whichever Hand pump to
is greater manually
replace lost
Pressure must be barrier fluid
constantly while system
monitored remains
API Plan 53
pressurised.
John Crane EMA
88
Plan 53 System
.53M
John Crane EMA

89
Plan 53 Modified
Can be used
above 30 bar g
Can be
installed away
from seal area
Simplified
instrumentation
Can refill
system under .
pressure
John Crane EMA

90
Sealant System
Up-leg: temperature at the top
should be similar to (or slightly
lower than) the seal end
Down-leg: temperature at the

seal end should be similar to
(or slightly higher than) the
top
Check the flow indicator
Actual temperatures and flows

will depend on the application.
Consult your seal supplier.
John Crane EMA
91
Sealant Systems: Tandem
Sealant Sight Glass Level
Tandem Seal Arrangement
8
Indicates
7
deterioration
6
of inboard seal
4
Level
Slight rise due to Indicates

3
leakage of deterioration of
2 product into outboard seal
sealant. Sealant
1
needs to be
changed regularly
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time
John Crane EMA

92
Sealant System: Pressurised
Sealant Sight Glass Level
Pressurised Double Seal Arrangement
8
7
Routine topping- Large drop indicates
up with hand deterioration of inboard
6 pump and/or outboard seal
4
Level
3
Slight drop due
2
to leakage
through two
1 seals
0
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Time
John Crane EMA

93
Typical Sealant Systems
John Crane EMA

94
System 100 304 stainless

18 bar g max
7 litre nominal
5 litre sealant.
John Crane EMA

95
System 200 System 300

321 stainless steel as System 200 but
30 bar g maximum with internal cooler.
8 litre nominal
6 litre sealant
level gauge reflex
glass
John Crane EMA

96
Special Systems
John Crane EMA

97
System 6SA
Oils or glycol
Up to 50 bar g
6.5 litres/minute
27 litres nom cap.
System 600
John Crane EMA
98
Hands-on Exercise
Fit a Balanced Non-Pusher Seal

Type 515E
(If time allows)
John Crane EMA

99

Heat / Temperature Control: Maintaining A Stable Fluid Film

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Heat / Temperature Control: Maintaining A Stable Fluid Film

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Heat / Temperature Control

Maintaining a stable fluid film

John Crane EMA

Two sources of heat

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

125% - 50% = 75% (7.5 bar)

75% - 50% = 25% (2.5 bar)

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

John Crane EMA

Metal bellows seals are INHERENTLY balanced.

John Crane EMA

Reduced wear rate

Reduced power required to drive the seal

John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

Main and Booster

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

John Crane EMA

Assemble and Fit a Balanced Pusher Seal

John Crane EMA

(3) (2) (1)

= Scribed datum lines

John Crane EMA

To contain a quench for other reasons (e.g. cooling)

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

Use API Plan 61

Use API Plan 62 or 51

John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

John Crane EMA

FS Seal and Unitised FS/Bush Seals.

John Crane EMA

John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

Typical Type 48MP / Type 28SC Tandem Installation

Low temperature version shown .

John Crane EMA

Colin Ure Technical Manager Asia Pacific

John Crane EMA

Cartridge Seal with positive drive

John Crane EMA

Single seals utilise process fluid is not a good

inboard seal lubricated by product

There are many other arrangements

Basic tandem non-pressurised double seal

John Crane EMA