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DIGESTIVE
BY :
AGUSLINA KIRTISHANTI
ABNORMALITIES OF THE ESOPHAGUS
1. DYSPHAGIA
Difficulty swallowing that may be caused by
obstruction of the esophagus or impaired
motility of the esophageal walls.
Obstruction may be caused by tumors,
congenital narrowing or diverticula
Neurologic disorders such as brain injury,
stroke or Parkinsons disease may affect
voluntary swallowing or peritalsis of the
esophagus
2. Achalasia
GASTRITIS
Gastritis refers to inflammation of the gastric
mucosa
It may present as an acute or chronic disorder
ACUTE GASTRITIS
Ulcer
Episodes or remission and exacerbation
Pain that for duodenal ulcers is often
relieved by eating or antacids
G.I bleeding and possible hemorhage (20-25%
of patients)
Perforation of ulcers with significant
mortalilty
Obstruction of G.I tract
PEPTIC ULCER
Avoidance of alcohol, smoking and NSAIDs
Antibiotic therapy
Antacids
H2 antagonists
Mucosal protectants
Disorder of the Intestines
Irritable bowel syndrome
May be one of the most common G.I disorders
Patients present with symptoms of G.I pain, gas, bloating
and altered bowel function (diarrhea or constipation).
Most symptoms are localized to the lower intestine and
colon.
Irritable bowel syndrome.
No underlying pathophysiologic processes have yet to
be identified in these patients. Hiperreactivity and
excessive motility of the bowels may be contributing
factors.
Emotional factors and diet may exacerbate the
symptoms.
Treatment may include psychological counseling,
dietary changes such as increased fiber consumption.
Antidiarrhea, anticholinergic and antispasmodic agents
might also be of value.
Symptoms IBS :