Fire

Muscle power from animals

Wind & water usage
Steam engines powered by wood fires
Steam engines powered by coal
Now we use oil more because it is
easier to ship, store & burn.
Oil use peaked in 1979, so did prices
thanks to Arab oil embargo & Iranian
revolution.
1980s began pursuing renewable
energies but then oil prices fell and
we went back to oil.
In 2000, OPEC decreased production
and prices went up to $30 per barrel
Now oil costs $90-$100 per barrel
 Biomass energy- It comes from plants and is a rich source of carbon and
hydrogen. Fast-growing plants, such as switch grass and willow and
poplar trees, can be harvested as "power crops." Biomass wastes,
including forest residues, lumber and paper mill waste etc can be used to
produce heat, transportation fuels, and electricity.
Solar energy- It is the power from the sun. It is free and inexhaustible.
Converting sunlight into useful forms is not free, but the fuel is. Sunlight
has been used by humans for drying crops and heating water and buildings
for millennia. A twentieth-century technology is photovoltaic, which turns
sunlight directly into electricity.
 Wind power- It is another ancient energy source that has moved into the
modern era. Advanced aerodynamics research has developed wind turbines
that can produce electricity at a lower cost than power from polluting coal
plants.
Geothermal energy- It taps into the heat under the earth's crust to boil
water. The hot water is then used to drive electric turbines and heat
buildings.
Hydroelectric power- It uses the force of moving water to produce
electricity. Hydropower is one of the main suppliers of electricity in the
world.
 Coal- It is the largest source of fuel for electricity production, and also
the largest source of environmental harm.
Oil- It is used primarily for transportation fuels, but also for power
production, heat and as a feedstock for chemicals.
Natural gas- It is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel, used mostly for
space and water heating in buildings and running industrial
processes. Increasingly, natural gas is used in turbines to produce
electricity.
Nuclear power- It harnesses the heat of radioactive materials to produce
steam for power generation.
A Conventional Source of energy is a natural resource which
cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on a scale which
can sustain its consumption rate, once depleted there is no more
available for future needs. Also considered non-renewable are
resources that are consumed much faster than nature can
create them. Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural
gas), firewood, nuclear power(uranium) and certain aquifers
are examples.
Todays ENERGY needs are mostly
met by Coal & Oil
 Coal is a fossil fuel that is made by carbonized vegetable material. It is a black-
brown sedimentary rock. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with
variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen,
and nitrogen.
Coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is
converted into lignite, then anthracite. This involves biological and geological
processes that take place over a long period of time.

Produces 62% of worlds

electricity.
Most abundant fossil fuel and
could easily last at least 200 years
 Many industries contribute to the depletion of coal because they use
large amounts to power their machines. These industries include the car
industry, steel industry and transportation industry.
Individual citizens also contribute to the depletion of coal. The use of
electricity, driving engines and heating your home all eat up coal.
World Coal Extraction Projection
 Petroleum is a fossil fuel and is an oil that is found underground.
Sometimes we call it oil. Oil can be as thick and black as tar or as
thin as water. Petroleum has a lot of energy. We can turn it into
different fuels - like gasoline, kerosene, and heating oil. Most
plastics are made from petroleum, too.
Petroleum is buried underground in tiny pockets in rocks. We drill
wells into the rocks to pump out the oil.
 Increased efficiencies in the use of better and higher concentrations of
energy in petroleum allows humans to participate in takedown, which is
the consumption of energy at a greater rate than it is being replaced. It
is believed that decreasing oil production portends a drastic impact on
human culture and modern technological society, which is currently
heavily dependent on oil as a fuel and chemical feedstock.
Worlds Crude-Oil Extraction Projection
 Natural gas is a fuel thats used to heat buildings, cook food, dry
clothes, heat water, and even to help produce electricity. Its
sometimes called gas for short. In fact, natural gas is really a
mixture of gases that formed from the fossil remains of ancient
plants and animals buried deep in the earth. The main ingredient
in natural gas is methane. Natural gas gives off a lot of heat
and light when it burns, but doesnt produce smoke.
 This is seen as depletion because gas is burned much more quickly than it is
formed. There are limited natural gas reserves.
The gas equivalent of almost 60 billion tonnes of oil is used up.
The territories that use most of the gas are the United States, the Russian
Federation, the Ukraine and Canada.
Until about 1965 natural gas from oilfields was often considered useless, so
was disposed of by flaring. It has since been used extensively, as a fuel.

Natural Gas
Producers In
The World
Worlds Natural-Gas Extraction Projection
 Severe Air Pollution
Greenhouse Effect
Severe damage to
Environment
 Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered
and used for fuel. Generally, firewood is not
highly processed and is in some sort of
recognizable log or branch form. Firewood is a
renewable resource.
 Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and
electricity.
Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 1314% of
the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting
for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity. In 2007, the IAEA reported
there were 439 nuclear power reactors in operation in the world operating in
31 countries. Also, more than 150 naval vessels using nuclear propulsion have
been built.
 Coal can be found in lots of places in the world.
Coal can be easily transported to the power stations.
Coal is a relatively cheap energy source.

To dig up coal, we have to create mines which can be

dangerous and not very nice to look at.
Transporting coal by lorry and train from the mine to the
power station causes pollution.
Burning coal produces polluting gases like sulphur dioxide
which make acid rain.
Of all energy sources, burning coal releases the most
greenhouse gases which may add to
global warming.
Coal is a non-renewable source and will run out in about 100
years.
Coal miners can be affected by black lung disease or
pneumoconiosis and also emphysema if
they breathe in too much of the coal dust.
 Oil is found in lots of places in the world.
We can transport oil in pipes and by using tankers or ships.

Environmental damage can be caused when building the rig and by accidental oil spillages.
Oil is not renewable, so once the supplies are used, it will run out.
Burning these fuels releases greenhouse gases into the air. This may add to global warming.
The price of oil will increase because supplies are running out and lots of people will want it
Working on an oil rig can be dangerous due to the risk of explosions and bad weather.
 Natural gas is more environmentally friendly that coal
or oil. It is composed of methane, which has just one
carbon, producing very low carbon emissions. Natural
gas emits an estimated 70% less carbon dioxide that other
fuels. Natural gas burns cleaner than heating oil, and
does not leave product, like ash, behind.
Natural gas is very popular, and the major source of
energy for most consumers. It is conveniently pumped to
homes across the country through a network of
underground pipeline. It is provided through a local
providers and utility companies.

Due to its make-up, natural gas is combustible and easily

explosive if handled improperly. With a leak, the gas
builds up within a room or structure. When that gas is
ignited it causes an explosion. The severity of the
explosion depends upon the amount of the leak.
Natural gas is toxic if inhaled, leading to severe health
risk or even death.
 Nuclear fuel does not make harmful
greenhouse gases.
You only need a very small amount of
nuclear fuel to make a lot of energy

The waste that is produced when using

nuclear fuel is radioactive and very
harmful. It needs
to be disposed of carefully
Nuclear power stations are at risk
from terrorist attack and sabotage. Uranium is Highly Dangerous
World uranium supplies may run out
in about 50 years.
 The wood is a renewable resource, offering a
sustainable, dependable supply.
The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted
during the burning process is typically 90%
less than when burning fossil fuel.
Wood fuel contains minimal amounts of
sulphur and heavy metals.

It provides less heat energy per unit than

materials like coal.
Burning firewood is a very inefficient method
of heating a house.
Firewood produces carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide and other pollutants as well.
Most of the heat produced goes straight up
the chimney and is wasted as well.
 Never Forget Ancient Wisdom

MATA BHUMIH PUTROHAM

PRITHVIYAH

MEANS

THE EARTH IS OUR MOTHER, WE ARE

HER CHILDREN
 CONSERVE LIMITED RESOURCES
60% OF RESOURCES ALREADY CONSUMED
85% of raw energy comes from non-renewable
sources and hence is not available for the future
generations
 Plan your Trips Carpooling saves fuel
Plan your Route Switch off engine when you park
Check your tyre pressures and radial
Drive in the correct Gear tyres
Keep your foot off the clutch Keep your engine healthy
Good braking habits Clean air filter regularly
Reduce loads Use recommended grade of oil
 Insulation
Eliminate air leaks
Air to air heat
exchangers
Efficient appliances
Efficient electric motors
High-efficiency lightning
Increasing fuel economy
 SOLAR ENERGY - Solar energy is the technology
used to harness the sun's energy and make it useable.
Today, the technology produces less than one tenth of
one percent of global energy demand. The most
common way to harness solar energy is to use solar
panels.

HYDRO ENERGY - The production of energy

through the use of the gravitational force of
falling or flowing water is called hydro energy.
It is the most widely used form of renewable
energy.

WIND ENERGY - Wind power is the

conversion of wind energy into a useful form of
energy, such as using wind turbines to make
electricity, windmills for mechanical power, wind
pumps for water pumping or drainage,
or sails to propel ships.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY - It is the power derived from the Earth's
internal heat. This thermal energy is contained in the rock and fluids
beneath Earth's crust. It can be found from shallow ground to several
miles below the surface, and even farther down to the extremely hot
molten rock called magma.

BIOMASS - Biomass is plant matter used to generate electricity.

Examples include forest residues, yard clippings, wood chips and
even municipal solid waste. Biomass also includes plant or
animal matter that can be converted into fibres or other industrial
chemicals, including bio fuels.
 Increase fuel efficiency standards for vehicle, appliances,
buildings
Tax and other financial incentives for energy efficiency
Subsidize renewable energy use, research and development
By 2050:
renewable energy=50%
cut coal use by 50%
phase out nuclear altogether