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PL 5131 Infrastructure and

Transportation System

Green Infrastructure
Origin of the term GI
Ed McMahon
Green space is not an amenity, its a
necessity.
This is the phrase that underpins his
concept of green infrastructure.

We coined the term to reposition the


idea for the public, explaining that the
idea itself is not a new one.
Definitions (1)
Explosion of interest doesnt equate
to increased understanding
GI is term that can mean different
things to different people
A number of definitions available
Significant common ground within the
available definitions:
GI involves natural and managed green
areas in both urban and rural settings
GI is about the strategic connection of
open green areas and
GI should provide multiple benefits for
people (public benefit).

www.greeninfrastructure.eu
Definitions (2):
Milton Keynes
A planned network of multifunctional
green-spaces and interconnecting links,
which is designed, developed and managed
to meet the environmental, social and
economic needs of communities across the
sub-region. It is set within, and contributes
to a high quality natural and built
environment and is required to enhance the
quality of life for the present and future
residents and visitors and to deliver liveability
for sustainable communities.*
* Planning Sustainable Communities: A green infrastructure guide for
Milton Keynes and the South Midlands
Definitions (3):
Natural England
Green Infrastructure (GI) is a strategically
planned and delivered network of high
quality green spaces and other
environmental features. It should be
designed and managed as a
multifunctional resource capable of
delivering a wide range of environmental
and quality of life benefits for local
communities. Green Infrastructure includes
parks, open spaces, playing fields,
woodlands, allotments and private
gardens.
www.naturalengland.org.uk
Definitions (4):
Northwest Region
Green Infrastructure is the Regions
life support system the network
of natural environmental
components and green and blue
spaces that lies within and between
the Northwests cities, towns and
villages and which provides multiple
social, economic and environmental
benefits
www.greeninfrastructurenw.co.uk
Definitions (5)

Green infrastructure is the physical


environment within and between our
cities, towns and villages. It is a network
of multi-functional open spaces, including
formal parks, gardens, woodlands, green
corridors, waterways, street trees and
open countryside. It comprises all
environmental resources, and thus a
green infrastructure approach also
contributes towards sustainable resource
management.
www.greeninfrastucture.eu
European Landscape
Convention (ELC)
Article 1 of the ELC states:
Landscape means an area, as perceived by
people, whose character is the result of the action
and interaction of natural and/or human factors.
The term landscape is thus defined as a zone or
area as perceived by local people or visitors, whose
visual features and character are the result of the
action of natural and/or cultural (that is, human)
factors. This definition reflects the idea that
landscapes evolve through time, as a result
of being acted upon by natural forces and
human beings. It also underlines that a
landscape forms a whole, whose natural and
cultural components are taken together, not
separately.
GI funding (2)
A switch of public spending from grey to
green infrastructure would trigger an
environmental revolution. At a time when
investment in grey infrastructure, such as the
new road building and road improvement
programmes, runs into billions, investment in
green infrastructure remains tiny.We have to
redesign our cities in response to the
imperative of climate change, and this means
investment in hundreds of thousands of
green roofs, millions more street trees, more
parks, and new urban greenways.
Richard Simmons, CABEs chief executive
Funding: Royal Parks
2,000 hectares historical parkland
Demand-led funding approach
Central gov & income generation
Contribution to environment, society &
economy
Multifunctionality brings benefits:
Health & well-being
Tourism & economic value
Formal recreation & play
Community events
Ecology & biodiversity
Water management
Heritage
Climate change adaptation & mitigation
Amenity value
Benefits
Climate change adaptation
Climate change mitigation
Water management
Dealing with waste
Food production
Biodiversity enhancement
Economic value
Local distinctiveness
Education
Health and recreation
Stronger communities
Economic benefits of GI

Flood alleviation & water management


Economic growth & investment
Tourism
Climate change adaptation and
mitigation
Quality of place
Health & well-being
Land & property values
Labour productivity
Recreation and leisure
Land & biodiversity
Products from the land
www.nwda.co.uk/pdf/EconomicValueofGreenInfrastructure.pdf
GI assets & resource
GI assets are:
Particular areas of land and water
Serve one or more functions of
public benefit by virtue of:
Use
Location
Intrinsic value
Multifunctionality
GI resource is a collective of:
open spaces, public places, rivers &
coast, farmland, woodlands, natural
elements & gardens.
GI functions (the case for GI)
Stimulating sport, recreation & play;
Improving health;
Sustaining biodiversity;
Protecting soil, water & natural resources;
Buffering extreme weather events
Providing a comfortable urban environment;
Creating distinctive settings;
Improving coast and water quality;
Sustaining cultural and historical places;
Stimulating business and regeneration;
Creating meeting points for cohesive societies;
Inspiring community environmental stewardship;
Maintaining productive rural landscapes.
GI approach
Wide range of functions
Have a vision
Unlock maximum # of benefits
Demand more from the land
Manage conflicting demands
Retain single/limited land use
functions in some areas
Ecosystem services:
Support (necessary for all soils,
photosynthesis etc)
Provision (food, fuel ..)
Regulations (air/water quality, erosion)
Culture (aesthetics, heritage, recreation)
GI Scales: Neighbourhood
Street Trees / Home Zones
Roof Gardens (& Green Roofs)
Pocket Parks
Collective / Private Gardens
Urban Plazas
Village Greens
Local Rights of Way
Dedicated Gardens / Cemeteries
Institutional Open Spaces
Ponds & small woodlands
Play Areas
Neighbourhood Scale Local Nature Reserves
GI Scales: Town/city/district
City Parks
Urban Canals & Waterways
Green Networks
Multi-user routes
Urban Commons
Forest Parks
Country Parks / Estates
Continuous waterfront
Municipal / Cathedral Plazas
Lakes
Major recreational spaces
Town / City /District Scale
Landmarks & Vistas & Gateways
GI Scales: City-region
Regional Parks
Rivers & floodplains
Shoreline & Waterfront
Strategic & Long-distance Trails
Major (>100ha) woodlands
Community Forests
Open Access Sites
Landmarks & Vistas
Reservoirs
Environmental Management Initiatives
City-regional Scale
Strategic Corridors & Gateways
GI Scales: Strategic
Coastline Management Planning
Cross-boundary green networks (e.g.
South Downs New Forest linkages
Strategic River Catchment Plans
National Trails & Destinations
Strategic Infrastructure corridors
Sub-regional strategies
National policy statements
Behavioural & Societal Change

Strategic Scale
GI Strategies
Need to operate at
the relevant scale / level
Sub-regional and
regional
Embed across a
range of policies /
strategies
Robust and flexible
enough to react to
political change - Tories
committed to remove
the English RDAs and
wider bonfire of the
quangos
Green Infrastructure for the City of
Indianapolis:

Creating a
Stormwater Green
Infrastructure
Manual
Why Green Infrastructure?
Redevelopment and New Development continues in
the City, placing a higher demand on current
stormwater/sanitary infrastructure
Typical land development techniques causes an
increase in impervious surface
Increase in impervious surface = increase in
stormwater quantity
Increase in impervious surface = decrease in water
quality
Current City infrastructure cannot support the
volume of water generated during wet weather
=
events (especially in the combined sewer area)
Flooding
Increase volume of stormwater being treated by the
wastewater treatment plants
Raw Sewage in combined sewer areas going into
local water bodies
Why Green Infrastructure?

City Currently has the Long Term Control Plan


(LTCP) in Place
Primarily uses hard infrastructure (pipes,
tunnels, storage vaults)
City requires all development disturbing acre or
more to integrate best management practices
(BMPs) to further manage stormwater quality and
quantity
80% Total Suspended Solid (TSS) removal
Currently the City has 40-80 storms per year causing
overflows
The LTCP will bring this number down to 2-4 storms
per year by 2025
Shift of Stormwater Design Paradigm: reduce
impervious cover and disconnect impervious
surface at development and redevelopment
sites
Green Infrastructure

EPA has made green infrastructure a


priority encouraging cities to use
innovative design:
Green infrastructure can be both a cost effective and
an environmentally preferable approach to reduce
stormwater and other excess flows entering combined
or separate sewer systems in combination with or in
lieu of, centralized hard infrastructure solutions.

Types of green infrastructure


Green Roofs
Trees and tree boxes
Porous Pavement
Low Impact Development:
Rain Gardens
Vegetated Swales
Pocket Wetlands
Vegetated Median Strips
Creating Stormwater Green
Infrastructure Manual - Incentives

Create Document Outlining Incentives


Ancillary Benefits
Reduced Strormwater Quality Sizing Criteria
Reduced Stormwater Quantity Sizing Criteria
Reduced Stormwater Utility Fee
Create Green Design Fact Sheets
Conduct Policy and Technical Discussion Forums to Obtain Input on
Incentives and Manual:
Policy : Identify language/barriers in existing City/State regulations that
discourage the use of green infrastructure/LID techniques
Technical: Provide review of green design fact sheets
Finalize Stormwater Green Incentives Document and Design
Fact Sheets
Educate Private/Public through Workshops, Demonstration
Sites, and Symposiums
Use Website to Provide Information on Manual and Green
Infrastructure Practices
Benefits of Utilizing Green Infrastructure in
Stormwater Design:
Ancillary Benefits

Possibly cover more than one


requirement (i.e. landscape requirement
and stormwater requirement)
Cleaner Water
Enhance Water Supplies
Cleaner Air
Reduced Urban Temperatures
Increased Energy Efficiency
Community Benefits
Cost Savings
Benefits of Utilizing Green Infrastructure in
Stormwater Design: Ancillary Benefits

NEED TO ADD FIGURE OF GREEN


ROOF
Benefits of Utilizing Green Infrastructure in
Stormwater Design:
Reduction in Stormwater Sizing Criteria

Water Quality Volume sizing criteria is


directly related to percent impervious surface
Water Quantity Volume can be reduced by
lowering Curve Number (CN)
Green Incentives document will provide site
design examples and impervious area
reduction spreadsheet

(Source: Philadelphia Stormwater Guidance Manual)


Benefits of Utilizing Green Infrastructure in
Stormwater Design:
Reduction in Stormwater Utility Fee

Stormwater utility fee is directly


related to the percent of impervious
surface
By reducing the effective impervious
footprint of new development or
redevelopment the property owner
can reduce his/her fee either directly
by reduction of impervious surface or
through the credit program by using
BMPs that reduce the effective
imperviousness of the site.
Community Benefits
In contrast to traditional stormwater management techniques
(e.g. buried stormwater pipes, mechanical BMP devices), green
infrastructure is often blended within the urban
landscape creating both a functional and educational
stormwater palette.
Pedestrian trails, roof tops, and city sidewalks are all easily and frequently used
and/or viewed by patrons.

Neighborhood revitalization
City beautification efforts
Public/Private opportunities
Community Benefits: Local
Examples
Indianapolis Cultural Trail
Integrating functional stormwater planters/rain garden areas
into design
Over 5 year study period would keep 1.2 million gallons out
of the combined sewer system
91% of all runoff volume would be collected
Integrating permeable brick pavers into parking area would
increase this number
Great potential for Public Education/Awareness
Cultural Trail: East Corridor
E10th and Rural Street (Moon Block Building) http://www.indyculturaltrail.info/east.html

Community developer gave presentation at GRHC


conference displaying a conceptual idea for a small
commercial building
Several private companies donated time and materials to
complete this vision and conceptual design
Green Roof was completed in June 2007
Rain gardens and rain barrels will also be used at this site
which resides on a corner lot w/ heavy pedestrian traffic
Over 60 city officials, designers, professionals have been up
on this rooftop

Green Roof: East 10th and Rural


Create Green Design Fact Sheets

Downspout Disconnection
Rain Barrels
Cisterns
Rain Gardens
Green Roofs
Rooftop Storage
Stormwater Trees
Tree Preservation Credit
Tree Planting Credit
Porous Pavement
Bioretention
Onsite Filtering Practices
Pocket Wetlands
French Drains and Dry Wells
Infiltration Sumps
(Source: Philadelphia Stormwater Guidance Manual)
Green Infrastructure Next Steps
Conduct Public Information Sessions
Continue to enlist assistance of interested designers,
engineers, citizens and other disciplines to advise on
incentives, barriers, technical issues and effective
communication and outreach
Complete Green Infrastructure Document and
Stormwater Design Manual Update (Spring 2008)
Implement Manual
Continue Education/Outreach efforts to promote
green infrastructure
Indonesia Condition (APBN in Citarum
Bestari)
Lokasi
No Paket Pekerjaan Volume Jumlah
Desa Kecamatan
(Juta)

1 Hutan Rakyat DAK Loa Paseh 25.00 ha 75.00

Pemeliharaan I HR
2 Drawati Paseh 25.00 ha 18.75
tanaman tahun 2013
Pemeliharaan I HR
3 Loa Paseh 25.00 ha 18.75
tanaman tahun 2013
Pemeliharaan II HR
4 Cinangela Pacet 25.00 ha 15.00
tanaman tahun 2013
Penghijauan
5 Santosa Kertasari 2.50 ha 5.00
Lingkungan
Penghijauan
6 Sukapura Kertasari 2.50 ha 5.00
Lingkungan
7 Kebun Bibit Rakyat Ibun Ibun 1 unit 50.00
8 Kebun Bibit Rakyat Cinangela Pacet 1 unit 50.00
9 Kebun Bibit Rakyat Drawati Paseh 1 unit 50.00
Model Desa Uni
10 Cihawuk Kertasari 1.00 85.00
Konservasi t
DAS
Pembangunan Cekdam Uni
11 Citarum 40 15.000
Pengendali sedimen t
Hulu
Total 15.372,5
APBD Kabupaten in Citarum Bestari

Lokasi Jumlah
No Paket Pekerjaan Volume
Desa Kecamatan (Juta)
1 Pembuatan Pembibitan Pacet 1 unit 50.00
Pembutan Bangunan Sipil Teknis
2 Cihawuk Kertasari 1.00 Unit 60.00
(Embung)
3 Pelatihan Penerbitan SKAU 1.00 Paket 50.00
Bantuan alat pemadam kebakaran
4 Kertasari 1.00 Paket 50.00
hutan dan lahan
Bantuan alat pemadam kebakaran
5 Pacet 1.00 Paket 50.00
hutan dan lahan
Bantuan alat pemadam kebakaran
6 Pacet 1.00 Paket 50.00
hutan dan lahan
Bantuan alat pemadam kebakaran
7 Ibun 1.00 Paket 50.00
hutan dan lahan
Bantuan gergaji serut dan
8 Majalaya 1.00 Paket 50.00
pemotong kayu
Total 410
Questions:

Contact
Tim Method
Environmental Coordinator
Indianapolis Department of
Public Works
tmethod@indygov.org
317-327-4949

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