Computer Based Controller

Computer Based Controller

Direct Digital Control All Calculations,
Measurements and Control
Personal Computers
Hardware Configurations
Software Requirements
 Hardware Configurations
Basic Structure of a Microprocessor Based
Computer
Smart Sensors
 Multiple-
Loop
Controllers
the use of multiplexers and
demultiplexers to allow the
computer to read from
various sensors and direct
outputs to the correct
control elements
 Software Requirements
Error :

Proportional Mode:
Proportional Mode:
Integral Mode
Integral Mode
Integral
Mode
Derivative Mode
Derivative Mode
PID Control Mode
PID Control Mode
 Data
Logging
 Portable Data Loggers
1. Printed output
2. Digitized strip-chart recording
3. Magnetic tape
4. Magnetic floppy disks
5. Networked data communication
 Data Logging
A data-logging system such as that shown in Figure 14 must
monitor 12 analog loops. A small computer requires 4s per
instruction and 100 instructions to address a multiplexer line and to
read in and process the data in that line. The ADC performs the
conversion in 30s. The multiplexer requires 20 s to select and
capture the value of an input line. Calculate the maximum sampling
rate of a particular line.
 Data Logging
A data-logging system such as that shown in Figure 14 must monitor 12
analog loops. A small computer requires 4s per instruction and 100
instructions to address a multiplexer line and to read in and process the
data in that line. The ADC performs the conversion in 30s. The
multiplexer requires 20 s to select and capture the value of an input line.
Calculate the maximum sampling rate of a particular line.

The 100 instructions require a time of 4s X 100 = 400 s

and this must be done for 12 loops. 12 X 400 s =4800 s
The ADC converts 30s and 12 loop : 12 X 30s = 360 s
The multiplexer switching is 20 s and 12 loop: 12X 20 s = 240 s
Adding as the minimum time before a particular line can be = 5400 s
readdressed.
The maximum sampling rate is the reciprocal, or 185 samples per second.
Supervisory Control
CONTROL SYSTEM NETWORKS
 Fieldbus

What is Fieldbus?
Fieldbus is a digital, serial two-way, multi-drop
communication link among intelligent field
devices and automation systems.
It is an open architecture, developed and
administered by the Fieldbus Foundation.
H1 (31.25kbps)
HSE (High Speed Ethernet)
Fieldbus
Fieldbus
 Fieldbus: Benefits
1. Wiring/Installation Savings
 Fieldbus: Benefits
2. Control Anywhere
Fieldbus: Benefits
Fieldbus: Benefits
Fieldbus Communication
 User Layer

It enables user to interact with the other layers and with other
applications.
The user layer contains
Resourceblocks-
describescharacteristicsofthefieldbusdevicesuchasdevicename,mfr.
andserialnumber,etc.
Transducer blocks-used to configure devices
Function blocks-The Control System Strategy is built using Function
Blocks. Input and output parameters of Function Blocks can be
linked over the fieldbus.
Device descriptions enable the host system to interact with and
understand these blocks without custom programming.
 Fieldbus Power Supply

Isolator To improve noise immunity

Power Conditioner Like a one way valve
Current Limiter Prevent damage from short-
circuit or over-load conditions
 Important Features
Physical media of transmission
Number of devices
Distance over which the bus can extend
Speed of transmission
Bus powered
 Applications

Refining
Petrochemicals
Power generation
Food & beverage
Pharmaceuticals
Nuclear Applications
1. A force transducer has a transfer function of
2.2 mV/N. Design an alarm using comparator
that triggers at 1050 N.
1. A force transducer has a transfer function of
2.2 mV/N. Design an alarm using comparator
that triggers at 1050 N.
 Assume that a conveyor system speed S, load L, and
loading rate R have been converted to binary
signals by comparators. What Boolean equation
provides an alarm, A, when either the load and
loading rate are high when the speed is low, or the
speed is high when the load is low?
 Assume that a conveyor system speed S, load L, and
loading rate R have been converted to binary
signals by comparators. What Boolean equation
provides an alarm, A, when either the load and
loading rate are high when the speed is low, or the
speed is high when the load is low?
 A multiple-variable digital control uses a reaction vessel for which
binary inputs of level, temperature, and pressure drive binary
outputs to the input valve and the output valve. A digital HIGH
opens a valve. The following conditions must be satisfied:
 A multiple-variable digital control uses a reaction vessel for which
binary inputs of level, temperature, and pressure drive binary
outputs to the input valve and the output valve. A digital HIGH
opens a valve. The following conditions must be satisfied:
 A proportional mode has kp=2.4 , input range of 255,
and set point of 130. The output maximum is 180, and
the output fraction with no error is 0.45.
a. Develop the control equations. (What is the output for
no error?)
b. Find the output for an input of 124.