DESIGN OF BREAKWATER

CROSS SECTIONAL DETAILS OF BREAKWATER

 DESIGN OF BREAKWATER
Available data:

Design Water depth = 4.0m + 0.8m (Mean water + Tidal correction)

Maximum wave height, Hmax = 0.78 x 4.8
= 3.744m
Significant wave height Hs for the calculation of Armour
weight, Hs = H max
1.6

= 3.74
1 .6

= 2.34m
 DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER
Assuming armour unit is rough quarry stone, 2 layers, no
overtopping,
According to Hudson.
Wr H 3
W = k D ( s r 1) 3
cot

Where,
W = Wt. Of individual armour unit in Newton.
H = Design wave height in meters
KD = Stability co-efficient = 2
= Angle of structure slop measured with
horizontal
Kr = Specific gravity of armour unit relative to
the water at the structure
Wr = Unit weight of armour in 2.65t/m3
Ww = Unit weight of sea water 1.025t/m3
 DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER
Wr
Sr = Ww =2.585

Cot = 1.5
2650 x2.343
W = 2(2.585 1)3 x1.5 = 2.84T

Provide boulder stone of 3.0T.

Nominal diameter (D) of stones corresponding to the

Armour ruble stone weight
1 1
W 3
3000 3
D = = 2650 = 1.04
Wr
 ARMOUR THICKNESS

The thickness of the armour layer(T) can be calculated as

T = nKdD
Kd = Layer coefficient = 1.15
T = 2 x 1.15 x 1.04
= 2.392m
Adopt 2.5m thick armour layer
 CREST WIDTH

The crest width depends on the maximum of the following

Minimum number of stones required

Width depends on the degree of over topping

The functional aspect during the construction and

after use which may be equal to the width of the
wheel.
 CREST WIDTH
1
W 3
B = nK d
Wr

Where
B = Crest width in m
N = number of quarry stone (n=2)
Kd = Layer co-efficient
W = Mass of Armour unit.
Wr = Mass density of Armour unit Kg/m3
1
3000 3
B = 2 x1.15 = 2.392m
2650

Provide a crest width of 4.0m

CORE LAYER
The core layer supports the protective armour cover and any
other under layer.

It prevents sediments passing thought the breakwater.

The size of stone in core would be w/100, however for the

practical limitations as well as to serve the purpose of the
core and to avoid silt passing a wider range is suggested.

Provide stones of weight 50kg to 125kg.

BEDDING LAYER
Bedding layer act as foundation to support the entire
structure.

The stones of 1Kg to 50Kg can be provided as bedding layer

to a thickness of 150mm.
 TOE MOUND (GABBION BOX)

Toe mound width should be maximum of 2x(WaveHeight)

or 0.4x(water depth)

2x(wave height) = 2(2.34) = 4.68m

0.4x(water depth) = 0.4(4.8)= 1.92m
Width of toe mound = 5.0m
Height of toe mound = 2.5m

Note: A toe mound is to be placed on side of the break water for preventing the sliding of
the stones and protecting the slope failure. A toe mound of 5.0m top width and 2.5m
height is provided. Toe mound is provided with stones of size 150mm.
BREAKWATER CROSS SECTION
DESIGN OF SEAWALL
 DESIGN OF SEAWALL
Available data:

Design Water depth = 2.0m (Considering the tsunami

runup of 1.8m above MSL as per the data given by Tuticorin Port)

Maximum wave height, Hmax = 0.78 x 2.0

= 1.56m
Significant wave height Hs for the calculation of Armour
weight, Hs = H max
1.6

= 1.56
1. 6

= 0.975m
 DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER
Assuming armour unit is rough quarry stone, 2 layers, no
overtopping,
According to Hudson.
Wr H 3
W = k D ( s r 1) 3
cot

Where,
W = Wt. Of individual armour unit in Newton.
H = Design wave height in meters
KD = Stability co-efficient = 2
= Angle of structure slop measured with
horizontal
Kr = Specific gravity of armour unit relative to
the water at the structure
Wr = Unit weight of armour in 2.65t/m3
Ww = Unit weight of sea water 1.025t/m3
 DESIGN OF ARMOUR LAYER
Wr
Sr = =2.585
Ww

Cot = 4

W = 2650 x0.9753 = 0.08T

2(2.585 1)3 x4
Provide 400kg to 500kg weight armour in two layers considering tsunami
effect.

Nominal diameter (D) of stones corresponding to the Armour ruble stone weight
1
1
W
= 206.5
3
D =
3
= 0.426
Wr 2650
 ARMOUR THICKNESS

The thickness of the armour layer(T) can be calculated as

T = nKdD
Kd = Layer coefficient = 1.15
T = 2 x 1.15 x 0.426
= 0.98m
Adopt 1.25m thick armour layer
 CREST WIDTH

The crest width depends on the maximum of the following

Minimum number of stones required

Width depends on the degree of over topping

The functional aspect during the construction and

after use which may be equal to the width of the
wheel.
 CREST WIDTH
1
B = W 3
nK d
Wr
Where
B = Crest width in m
N = number of quarry stone (n=2)
Kd = Layer co-efficient
W = Mass of Armour unit.
Wr = Mass density of Armour unit Kg/m3
1

B = 206.5 3
= 0.98m
2 x1.15
2650

Provide a crest width of 1.5m

CORE LAYER
The core layer supports the protective armour cover and any
other under layer.

It prevents sediments passing thought the breakwater.

The size of stone in core would be w/100, however for the

practical limitations as well as to serve the purpose of the
core and to avoid silt passing a wider range is suggested.

Provide stones of weight 50kg to 125kg.

BEDDING LAYER
Bedding layer act as foundation to support the entire
structure.

The stones of 1Kg to 50Kg can be provided as bedding layer

to a thickness of 150mm.
 TOE MOUND (GABBION BOX)

Toe mound width should be maximum of 2x(Wave Height)

or 0.4x(water depth)

2x(Height of breakwater) = 2(0.975) = 1.95m

0.4x(water depth) = 0.4(2.0)= 0.8m
Width of toe mound = 2.5m
Height of toe mound = 1.5m

Note: A toe mound is to be placed on side of the break water for preventing the sliding of
the stones and protecting the slope failure. A toe mound of 2.5m top width and 1.5m
height is provided. Toe mound is provided with stones of size 150mm.
SEAWALL CROSS SECTION