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Viscoelasticity
O r ig in a l
h
C o m p re ss e d
Elastic Material
force removed
F
h h
Instantaneous Instantaneous
elastic elastic
Or i g i n al deformation recovery
h
Compressed
force applied
Time
Viscoelatic Material
force removed
F retarded
h deformation Instantaneous
(creep) elastic
recovery
h
Or i g i n al h
Compressed retarded
recovery
Instantaneous
elastic
deformation permanent deformation
force applied
Time
Creep: deformation that occurs over
period of time when a material is
subjected to a constant stress (at
constant temperature)
Step Strain/Stress Relaxation
Five theories
Chain scission
Bond interchange
Viscous flow
Thirion relaxation
Molecular relaxation
Chain scission: degradative reactions such as
oxidation or hydrolysis lead to cleavage of
polymer chains. Chains help bear load while
intact
Sc i ssio n
Bond Interchange: portions of polymers may
change partners causing release of stress. In
presence of stress, rearrangements tend to
reform so as to reduce stress
Viscous flow: caused by linear chains
that evenutally slip past one another
Thirion Relaxation: reversible relaxation
of cross-links or entanglements
Molecular Relaxation: below Tg,
molecules move very slowly, thus the
material appears as an amorphous
solid. As temperature approaches Tg,
chains move and relax at an observable
rate on the lab time scale.
For chains under stress, motions will
tend to relieve the stress