Respiratory System

The human respiratory system is a series of organs

responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling
carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the
respiratory system are lungs, which carry out this
exchange of gases as we breathe.
Red blood cells collect the oxygen from the lungs
and carry it to the parts of the body where it is
needed, according to the American Lung
Association During the process, the red blood cells
collect the carbon dioxide and transport it back to
the lungs, where it leaves the body when we
exhale.
 Parts of the Respiratory System
Nose or Mouth : oxygen enters passes the
sinuses
Trachea (windpipe) : filters the air that is
inhaled
Bronchial Tubes : lead to the lobes of the
lungs, Right Lung : three lobes, Left Lung : two
lobes and It is smaller to allow room for the
heart Lobes are filled with small, spongy sacs
called alveoli, and this is where the exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs
 Alveolar walls : 0.2 micrometers, These walls are
composed of a single layer of tissues called epithelial
cells and tiny blood vessels called pulmonary
capillaries.
The pulmonary artery : carries blood containing
carbon dioxide to the air , where the gas moves from
the blood to the air. Oxygenated blood goes to the
heart through the pulmonary vein, and the heart
pumps it throughout the body
The diaphragm : controls breathing and separates
the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, When a
breath it taken, it flattens out and pulls forward,
making more space for the lungs. During exhalation,
the diaphragm expands and forces air out
 Respiratory Deases

Diseases and conditions of the respiratory

system fall into two categories:
Viruses : such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia
and the new enterovirus respiratory virus that
has been diagnosed in children.
Chronic Diseases: such as asthma and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Dr. Neal
Chaisson from Cleveland Clinic)
Asthma
Asthma : is a chronic inflammation of the
lung airways that causes coughing,
wheezing, chest tightness or shortness of
breath (Tonya Winders, president of the
Allergy & Asthma New York).
Cause : air pollution, tobacco smoke, factory
fumes, cleaning solvents, infections, pollens,
foods, cold air, exercise, chemicals and
medications.
Treatment : Avoidance of known allergens,
especially the house dust mite, allergens
arising from domestic pets, and food additives
Emphysema (Chronic bronchitis)
is an condition of shortness of breath
continously
Cause : smoking, air pollution, dust, age,
Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer : uncontrolled cacer cell in Lung tissue,
smoking : 90% (man), 70% (women)
Common Symptoms :
a. Persistent cough
b. Bloody sputum
c. Shortness of breath
d. Headache
e. Chronic fatigue
f. Lost of eating appetite
g. Husky
h. Swelling on the face or neck
Tuberculosis
Csused : bacteria Microbacterium Tuberculosa, Man
and women, 15-35 years
TB is spread trough air when someone cough and
sputum
TB infection can affect others organ such as brain,
kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, bone, lymph, and
lungs
Symptoms :
- Sweat at night
- Easy Flu
- Lost of weight and poor appetite
- Cough more than 3 weeks somtimes accompanied
by blood
 Prevention :
- Do not spit in common place
- Close your mouth when someone cough and
sneeze
- Aweke your immune system
- Keep a sefe distance of patients with TB
- Get Immunizations of TB
- Drying beds for TB patients
Bronchitis
An inflammatory condition, although it is
frequently complicated by acute infections
Cause : viruses or bacteria, smoking, air
pollution, and emphysema
Bronchitis classified into two : Accute Bronchitis
and Chronic Bronchitis
Accute Bronchitis caracterized cough without
sputum and usually indicate by colds and influenza.
90% occur by viruses and 10% by bacteria
Chronic Bronchitis caracterized by productive
cough continously more than 3 month or more.
Smoking, air polution, cold air is the common cause
 Words relate to topics
Tissue = Jaringan
Symptoms = Gejala-gejala
Husky = Serak
Swelling = Bengkak
Fatigue = Kelelahan
Intestine = Usus
Colon = Usus beras
Bloating = Kembung
Constipation = Sembelit
Heartburn = Rasa panas dalam perut
Expelling = Menghalau
Carry = Membawa
Pelvic = Panggul