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Basic Router Configuration

Honolulu Community College


Cisco Academy Training Center
Semester 2
Version 2.1
Overview
1. This chapter covers general information
about the router.
2. Elements of the Router.
3. Cisco Discovery Protocol.
4. Remotely accessing a router - telnet.
5. Testing network connectivity:
ping
trace
debug
Configuration Sources
Router can be configured from:
console terminal (initial configuration).
via modem using AUX port.
virtual terminal (telnet), once configured.
TFTP server on network.
Internal Configuration Components
RAM/DRAM
Routing tables.
ARP cache.
Packet buffering
Packet queues.
Running configuration.

RAM contents lost when power is lost.

NVRAM - nonvolatile.
Backup configuration, (startup config).
NVRAM retains data when power is turned off.
Internal Configuration Components (cont)
Flash - erasable, reprogrammable ROM.
OS image & microcode.
Can have multiple copies of IOS.

Flash contents are retained when power is turned


off.

ROM - read only memory.


POST (power on self test).
Bootstrap program.
Operating system software.
Internal Configuration Components
Interfaces - network connections thru which
packets enter and exit the router.
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Ciscos proprietary command.
Allows access to configurations of directly
connected routers.
Commands include:
cdpenable
show cdp interface
show cdp entry {device name}
show cdp neighbors
show cdp neighbors detail
Telnet Operations
Telnet is a virtual terminal protocol, which
allows connections to hosts.
Telnet is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
Routers can have up to 5 simultaneous telnet
sessions.
Can telnet by entering host name.
EXIT or LOGOUT to end telnet session.
Telnet tests upper-layer
connectivity.

Ping (ICMP)checks network


connectivity (end-to-end).

Trace tests each step along


the way, when data is sent.

Show ip route checks for a


routing table entry.

Show interface serial


displays line and data-link
protocol status.
Is Link Operational?
Interface has two components:
Hardware.
Software.
show interface serial Command
Displays line and data-link protocol status.
Line status:
triggered by
Carrier Detect signal.
Physical-layer status.

Line protocol:
triggered by
keepalive frames.
Data-link framing.
show interface Command
Displays statistical data about interface.
clear counters will reset counters to zero.
Debug Command
Displays the specified network events on
console.
Used for troubleshooting, can significantly
slow the network.
undebug all command to turn debugging off.
Debug messages can be diplayed on console,
telnet terminal, UNIX host, or internal buffer.
terminal monitor command lets you redirect
debug data to virtual terminal (telnet).
Summary 1
Router modes in Cisco IOS.
User-mode: allows limited checks on
configuration status.
Privileged-mode: allows detailed examination,
remote access, debugging.
Global Configuration mode: make simple one
line changes in config file.
Specific Configuration mode: make complex,
multi-line changes in config file.
Setup mode: configuration dialog.
RXBOOT mode: password recovery.
Summary 2
Router elements:
RAM/DRAM
NVRAM
Flash
ROM
Interfaces

CDP - to access configuration information


about directly connected routers.
Summary 3
Testing:
Telnet - layer 7, can router be accessed?
Ping - layer 3, are protocol packets being
routed? (end-to-end)
Trace - tests each step along the way.
Show ip route - looks at routing table for target
network table entry.
Show interface serial - checks line and
protocol status.
Debug.

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