Phonemic Pattern

TITUS ARGA W / 151214096

ANGGORO K / 151214097
 It may vary across languages
English Akan & French
- Oral and nasal vowels are allophones of one - They represent distinct
phoneme
phonemes
Aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops occur in English and Thai, but they function differently in
the two languages

[paa] forest [phaa] to split

[tam] to pound [tham] to do
[kat] to bite [khat] to interrupt

In English, they have distinctive feature, while in Thai they have

distinctive feature.
The phonetic facts alone do not reveal what is
distinctive or phonemic
The phonetic representation of utterances shows what speakers know about the pronunciation of
sounds.
The phonemic representation of utterances shows what speakers know about the patterning of
sounds.
 Vowel
Vowel length are non-phonemic in English
Vowel length are phonemic in Korean

il day i:l work

seda to count se:da strong
kul oyster ku:l tunnel
Consonant
Consonant length are non-phonemic in English
Consonant length are phonemic in Italian

Nono ninth non:o grandfather

Natural classes of speech sounds
Natural class is a group of sounds described by a small number of distinctive features such as [-
voiced], [-continuant] which described /p/, /t/, /k/, /t/.
The relationship among phonological rules and natural classes illustrate why segment are to be
regarded as bundles of features.
Relationship between phonological rules
and natural classes
1. Nasalize vowels before p, i or z
as to have a rule such as
2. Nasalize vowels before m, n, or

Rule one doesnt have phonetic explanation, rule two does.

Rule one cannot be described, rule two can be described.
Features Obstruents Nasals Liquids Glides Vowels
Consonantal + + + - -
Sonorant - + + + +
Syllabic - +/- +/- - +
Nasal - + - - +/-
Feature Specifications for American
English Consonants and Vowels
Features i I e u o a

High + + - - - + + - - - -
Mid - - + + - - - + + - +
Low - - - - + - - - - + -
Back - - - - - + + + + + -
Central - - - - - - - - - - +
Round - - - - - + + + + - -
Tense + - + - - + - + - + -