PROPORTION

WHAT IS
PROPORTION?
PROPORTION
Refers to the equality between ratios.

the product of the means equals

the product of the extremes.
EXAMPLES:

(a) 1:2 = 8:16 2 x 8 = 1 x 16

Means 16 = 16 Extremes

(b) 9/3 = 81/27 expressing as

9 x 27 = 3 x 81 proportion:
243 = 243 9:3 = 81:27
where 3 and 81 are means and 9 and 27 are
extremes.
THREE TYPES OF PROPORTION

DIRECT PROPORTION

INDIRECT/INVERSE
PROPORTION

PARTITIVE PROPORTION
 DIRECT PROPORTION
A number is directly proportionate to another
when as one value increases, so does the other.

Two values x and y are directly proportional to

each other when x and y will either increase or
decrease together, such that when one increases,
the other increases or when one decreases, the
other decreases as well.
 EXAMPLES:: #1
If three notebooks cost 15.00, How many notebooks can you buy with 60.00?
The number of notebooks is directly proportional to the cost .

Solution:
=

(15)(x) = (3)(60)
15x = 180

x= 12 notebooks
#2
If two pencils will cost of 24.00. How many pencils can you buy
with 144.00 ?
The number of pencil is directly proportional to the cost.

Solution:
2:24 = x:144
=

=
12 = x

X= 12 Pencils
#3
A biscuit manufacturing company packs 26 packets per carton. Find
the number of packets that can be packed in 2 cartons.
Solution
26:1 = x:2
=

52 = 1x
=

52= x
INDIRECT/INVERSE PROPORTION
Two values x and y are inversely proportional to each other such that if x
increases, y decreases or if decreases, y increases.

For example, the relation between the time it takes to dig a well and install a
water pump to supply the house with water and the number of people
needed to build it is an inverse proportion. The more people you have, the
less time it takes. If it takes 3 people to do the job in 1 month, it will take
only month if you have 6 people working. If you double the number of
workers, the time is halved. If you triple the number of workers, the time
becomes to a third.
EXAMPLES #1
4 people can paint a fence in 3 hours. How long it will
take 6 people to paint it?
Solution:
(X1) (Y1) = (X2) (Y2)
(4) (3) = X (6)
12 = 6x

2=x
x = 2 hours
#2
Thirty five workers can build a house in 16 days. How many days will
it take 28 workers working at the same rate to build the same
house?
Solution:
(X1) (Y1) = (X2) (Y2)
(35) (16) = (28) (y)
560 = 28y

20 = y
y = 20 hours
#3
It takes 4 hours travelling at 50 mph to complete a journey, how
long journey take if travelling at 80 mph?
Solution:
(X1) (Y1) = (X2) (Y2)
(4) (50) = (x) (80)
200 = 80x
=

2.5 = x x=2.5 hours

#4
If 50 persons can consume a certain amount of food in Resto 101
within 2 months, in how many months can 30 persons consume the
same amount of food?
Solution:
( X1) (Y1) = (X2) (Y2)
(50) (2) = (30) (N)
100= 30N
=

3 months = N
 PARTITIVE PROPORTION

Speaking of partitive proportion, we are talking

about a whole divided into parts.

It involves identifying parts of a whole based on

a given ratio of these parts.
EXAMPLES #1
When a partnership agreement stipulates an agreed capitalization of
100,000.00 and the partners are to divide the said capitalization in the ratio
of 1:2:2 , we are talking about partitive proportion and we get the
corresponding parts as follows assuming the partners are X,Y, and Z,
respectively, contributing the capital:

Solution:
X = x 100,000.00 = 20,000.00

Y = x 100,000.00 = 40,000.00
Z = x 100,000.00 = 40,000.00

100,000.00
#2
John plans to donate his collection of 3042 books to three
libraries in the ratio of 1:3:5. How many books will each library
get?
Solution:
3042 = 338 books
x 3042 = 1014 books

x 3042 = 1690 books

3042 books
 #3
Ned has a budget of 1200.00 for the allowance of his three kids. How
much will Robb, Brandon, and Rick on get if the money was divided
with a ratio of 3:4:5?

Solution: x 1200.00 = 300.00

x 1200.00 = 400.00

x 1200.00 = 500.00

1200.00
#4
Janine and John share profits of their partnership in the ratio 2:3. If Janines share in the
profit was for last year was 30,000.00, how much was Johns share in the profit of the
business?
Given: Janine: John = 2:3 check: Janines share + Johns share = total profit
= 30 000.00:x = 2:3 30,000.00 + 45,000.00 = 75,000.00
Solution: (2)(x) = ( 30,000.00)(3)
=

x= 45,000.00

x 75,000.00 = 30,000.00

x 75,000.00 = 45,000.00

75,000.00
#5
How much prize will each winner get if a cash prize of 45,000.00 will have
to be divided in the ratio of 1:3:5?

x 45,000.00 = 5,000.00

x 45,000.00 = 15,000.00

x 45,000.00 = 25,000.00

45,000.00
SEATWORKS
Seatwork #1

It takes 4 men in 6 hours to repair a road. How long

will it takes when 8 men do the job if they work with
the same rate?
 Seatwork #2
Annabelle borrowed 10,000.00 in a lender. She needs
to pay it within two months that will cost 200.00 per
day the total amount that she needs to pay is
12,000.00. But Annabelle wants to pay it within a
month how much of the cost will Annabelle needs to
pay per day in 1 month?
 Seatwork #3
The partnership of M.A Sikap, P.A Ngarap, and I.N. Tegridad
earned a profit of 87,500.00 for the current year. If the profit
and loss sharing ratio is in accordance with their capital ratio
and their respective capital balances are M.A Sikap,
50,000.00; P.A. Ngarap, 100,000.00, and I.N. Tegridad,
150,000.00, compute for the share of each of the partners in
their profit.