Review of Flower Formula:

Crassula argentea - the jade plant

Ranunculus - buttercup

Review:
What is the flower formula?
Lilium tigrinum - tiger lily
What is the flower formula
for this plant?
The strange lateral buds are called bulbils.
These are shed as a means of vegetative
propagation
Adaptations for Pollination
Attraction
Visual Cues: Color, Shape, Size
Olfactory Cues: Scent, Odor

Reward
Nectar: Sucrose, Water, Amino Acids
Pollen: Vitamins, Minerals, Protein
Behavior: Recreational Motivation!
 Attraction: Visual Bulls Eye

Hemerocallis - day lily

Rudbeckia hirta - black-eyed Susan
 Black and White Image - minus red

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Gaillardia grandiflora - Indian blanket flower

Standard Black and White Image = all colors Black and White Image - UV only

QuickTime and a QuickTime and a

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Nectar
Guides

Nice scent too!

Osmophores: release scent as
alternate attractant

Sometimes the scent is the reward

A behavioral reward!
 QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor QuickTime and a
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http://www.orchid-
rhoen.de/Bitmaps/34%20Ophrys%20ins
ectifera.jpg
http://ibelgique.ifrance.com/ophrys/insc1.jpg

http://guenther.blaich.bei.t-online.de/argoins.htm

Ophrys insectifera with pollinator Argogorytes mystaceus

Bergstrm, G. (1978) Role of volatile chemicals in Ophrys-pollinator interactions In Biochemical Aspects of
Plant and Animal Coevolution (J. B. Harborne, ed.), Academic Press, London.
Beetles as pollinators: lousy flight accuracy, heavy feeding
Target is large
Alternate entry
Heavy flower parts
Pollen load is heavy

Fantasy Island
Or
Nightmare Island?
Hovering Birds and Sequence!

Perching Birds
Same Sequence
Stiff-Leaf Perches!
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Asclepias - Milkweed and Monarchs
Kalmia - mountain laurel
Nectar spur: a pouch containing
phloem exudate
 Darwin described an orchid,
Angraecum sesquipedale from
Madagascar with an 11.5-inch
nectar spur!
He predicted that there would be
a pollinating animal with 11.5-in
mouthparts to drink the nectar,
but never found the animal.

http://perso.wanadoo.fr/cryptozoo/dossiers/xanthopan.jpg
Much later (1903), Xanthopan
morgani predicta, its pollinator
was found with an 11.5-inch
siphon!
Wind Pollination: Corn (Zea mays)
Male flowers in the tassel

Huge numbers of small, dry pollen

grains, shed from high on plant.
Perianth small, greenish, no nectar
Female flowers in ear
Long, sticky, hairy stigmas = silk
 Ross Rogues Gallery

Flowers that Horticulture has turned

into what I consider to be hideous
monsters!
Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation
Rosa floribunda - rose
Malus domestica - apple
Gaillardia grandiflora -
Indian blanket flower
Hemerocallis - daylily