USSR

Mineral and power resources of

USSR
(Union of soviet social republic)
U.S.S.R had five group of states
Russia
Baltic states- Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania
Central Asian States
Kazakhstan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan and
Kyrgyzstan
Caucasus States- georgia,armenia and azerbaijan
East European States- Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova
Location: eastern point Cape Dezhnv, western point Baltic
coast, northern point arctic zone, sothern point turkmenistan
MINERALS AND POWER RESOURCES
Soviet union has worlds largest minerals and power resources.
Soviet union has the largest reserves or among the largest in the
world of all useful minerals such as iron ore , manganese , copper,
lead, zinc, nickel , cobalt, coal, oil , gas etc.
IRON ORE
U.S.S.R has worlds largest reserves of iron ore.
A .Ukraine was the second largest producer of iron ore-1999.
1.Southern Ukraine Region-It lies north of black sea .The Krivai
Rog iron basin is largest in the country . The ore is mined mainly
by underground methods.
2 .kerch Region- It lies north-eastern part of kerch peninsula in
black sea.
B. Russian Federation- It was the largest producer of iron ore of U.S.S.R in
1999.
Major iron ore region are-
Kursk region- It lies south of moscow region . economic importance lies in
densely populated region.
Ural region- Second biggest iron ore producing region of U.S.S.R.
Northern Group- sverdlovsk ,Bogoslovsk . Central Group- Nizhny tagil-
kushva, kachkanar and alapayevsk . And southern ural group -
chelyabinsk ,magnitorsk amd bakal.the ores rich in haematite.
Kuznetsk region- It lies in western Siberia.
Gornaya Shoriya- provide raw material to kuznetsk iron and steel mill.
Kola region deposits-provide material to cherepovets iron and steel mills.
Kazakhstan- 3rd largest producer of iron ore in U.S.S.R in
2000.Ayat iron ore basin largest iron ore deposits where
haematitee ore found.
MANGANESE
U.S.S.R World largest producer of manganese . Manganese is
mined in three area which produce 90%of country
manganese.
The first region NIKOPAL deposits of Ukraine.
The second region chiatura region of Georgia.
The third region is Ural region.
Kazakhstan emeged as a largest producer of manganese in 2004
COPPER
U.S.S.R was the fourth largest producer of copper in the
world.
Important copper producing region of U.S.S.R are
Ural region The chief deposits are found in central and
northern urals
Norilsk copper deposits are found in arctic region of lower
yenisei
Kazakhstan region-second major area of copper.
NICKEL
World second largest producer of nickel.
Main region of nickel
Kola peninsula of N.W in Murmansk region.
Ural region -Sverdlovsk, chelyabinsk , and Orenburg area of
russia federation and kazakhstan
GOLD
4th largest producer of gold . It produce 240 tons on gold.
Major producing area urals ,siberia and kazakhstan
In 2000 russia produces 155 tons of gold. Russia produce
158 tons in 2002
BAUXITE
Bauxite is an important mineral from which aluminium is
manufactured. Kazakhstan and Russia federation are the
major producer of bauxite.
IN RUSSIA found in ural region, western siberia and eastern
siberia.
IN KAZAKHSTAN found in turgai region
SILVER
It is found in many part of U .S.S.R Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan
, Russian federation and Tajikistan.
Kazakhstan is the largest producer of silver in U.S.S.R. It
produce 726 metric tons of silver in 1998 and it arose to 678
metric tons in 2009.
Graphite , uranium , mica and diamond are also found in
U.S.S.R
POWER RESOURCES OF U.S.S.R
The chief power resources of U.S.S.R are coal, petroleum, natural gases and
hydro- electricity.
COAL
U.S.S.R has the world s largest coal reserve which is estimated to be 7,765,000
million tons.
There are various coal basins but some are important as follow
A. Russian Federation-largest producer of coal in 2002.
1. Moscow- Tula Brown Coal field in European Russia. Lignite coal is found
here.
2. Pechora Coal Basin-lies in extreme Northern Eastern part of European
Russia.
3. Kuznetsk Region- It is the largest coal basin of WEST Siberia. Coal is of high
quality cooking coal .
4. Ural coal Field On the eastern and western slopes of the urals lies a
number of coal deposits which include Kizel coal.
B. Kazakhstan It is the second major producer of coal in
U.S.S.R. It produce 20%of coal of U.S.S.R.
Karaganda coal basin It has coal reserves of good quality
coking coal and brown coal .It lies in the centre of kazakhstan
region and close to ural region.
C . Ukraine- It is the third major producer of coal.(17.7% coal
of U.S.S.R)
1. Donets coal basin - lies in the southern part of Ukraine . It is
the largest source of coking coal in the country . Production
in 2002 80.8 m tons.
Petroleum and Natural Gas
The reserve are large( 12% in the world) and production is the highest in
the world.
Major petroleum and natural gas field of U.S.S.R are:
A. Caucasus or Baku region is the oldest oil field of the world .oil is
found on apsheron peninsula near Baku , in the northern foothills of
Caucasus ranges .Oil is mined from caspian sea floor also.
B. Russian Federation-It is the largest producer of crude oil in U.S.S.R .
In 2008 production 469.47 m.m. tons
1. Volgo -Ural Region- It is the largest oil bearing Region of Europeon
Russia which lies in the west of urals spread over large area of Volga
river basin.
2 Ob Valley Oil fields- In the western siberia . Largest in the world .
C. Kazakhstan Emba Region- It extend along the northern
coastal lands and sea floor of northern Caspian sea . In 2002
42.03 m.m. tons of oil is produced.
D. Central Asian Oil fields- Rich deposits have been found in
Turkmenistan on the shore of Caspian sea .Production rise
from 9 m.m. tones in 2002 to 10.1 m.m in 2004.
Hydro- Electricity
The U.S.S.R has the large hydel power resources . Largest
hydel power stations have been built in siberia on yenisie ,
angara, lena and Amur.
In 2008 Russian Federation generated 984.5 billion KWh of
electricity . out of this 67.6% was thermal and 16.6% was
hydroelectricity
In 2008 Ukraine generated 181.3 billion kWh of electricity.
In 2008 Kazakhstan generated 75.9 billion KWh of electricity.
Atomic Power
Atomic power has taken place in some of the componenet
countries . Four countries of the region namely Kazakhstan,
Russian Federation, Uzbekistan and Ukraine have sufficient
uranium resources.
Russian Federation, Ukraine, Armenia and Lithunia used
atomic energy for generation of nuclear power.
Russian Federation has large resource of uranium . Russia
generated 167.8 billion KWh electricity from nuclear plants.