KTH IEC 61850 For Substation Automation 2013-04-12

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Megger - Substation overview
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MULTI-AMP Circuit breaker test tests
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STATES Terminal blocks
METROSONICS Critical systems monitoring
PROGRAMMA Relay/ Circuit Breaker/ Battery Testing
PAX DIAGNOSTIC Transformer, Insulation Products
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IEC 61850 STANDARD IN SUBSTATION AUTOMATION
Main purpose of the standard is to achieve interoperability among
different devices from different vendors within the same substation.
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What is Substation Automation?
We need to know what we are talking about, in order to

understand what needs to be standardized.
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THE POWER SUBSTATION
In a substation there are Primary Equipments:
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The Primary equipments in the Substation need

to be controlled.
The word CONTROL in a substation has nothing to do with Process
Control, where the word CONTROL is usually associated to feedback
systems:
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Busbar change. Load is on Busbar 2
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Busbar change. Connecting Busbar 1 to Busbar 2
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Busbar change: Connecting the Feeders to Busbar 1
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Busbar change: Disconnecting feeders from Busbar 2
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Busbar change: Disconecting Busbar 2 from the system
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Busbar change. Busbar 1 in service
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One very simple interlocking:
Earthing Switch and Disconnector
I can OPEN / CLOSE the Disconnector ONLY if the Earthing
Switch is OPEN.
If the Earthing Switch is CLOSED I cannot operate the
Disconnector.
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EARTHING SWITCH CLOSED
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EARTHING SWITCH OPEN
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THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM
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A Local Action (open/close) may require:
Local information (from the same bay)
Remote information (from different bays)
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THE IEC 61850 INTERLOCKING SYSTEM
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CONTROL / INTERLOCKING in an IEC 61850 substation
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IEC 61850 Standard
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In a substation there are Primary Equipments..
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that must be protected.
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THE PROTECTION RELAYS
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The circuit breaker opens and interrupts the fault current. The relay
sees no fault conditions anymore and it resets. Circuit breaker
remains open, the fault has been cleared.
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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM
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Radial Feeders: No communication
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Radial Feeders: Communication
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IEC 61850 APPLICATION: PROTECTION
PROTECTION signals (Trip, Block, Acceleration..) are sent through

the station bus.
Horizontal communication
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GOOSE communication for PROTECTION and CONTROL
GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented System Event.
Is an unacknowledged multicast message that is repeated with a certain
strategy allowing the supervision of the Horizontal Communication.
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GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?
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IEC 61850 Standard
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BEFORE standardisation: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU
Proprietary communication protocols were / are still available.

Handling correctly all protocols was and is still a challenge
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BEFORE: PROTOCOL CONVERTERS / IMPLEMENTATIONS
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IEC 61850 APPLICATION: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU
IEDs from different vendors can exchange and use information over a
common communications media. No need to have protocol converters.
Reporting: Vertical Communication.
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IEC 61850 APPLICATION: SCADA/RTU COMMUNICATION
The communication between SCADA / RTU and the IEDs

is defined in the IEC 61850 standard (MMS / FTP).
Data exchanged can be:
Control (operating primary objects)

Log
Reporting of events
Disturbance Files Upload
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IEC 61850 Standard
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IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY
The data traffic runs on Ethernet, 100 Mbit/s.
This means that in the IEC 61850 substation there are Ethernet switches.
Protection and Control signals are

dependent on the correct
functionality of the communication
system, which has in the Ethernet
switches one of its most important
factors.
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IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Star
Ring
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IEC 61850 Standard
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IEC 61850: The SCL language
IEDs and Substations are described through XML files.
The IEC 61850 language used in the XML files is called
SCL language.
SCL: Substation Configuration Language.
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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED Modelling)
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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)
Bay A Bay Unit (IED)
PTRC (Trip, Operate)
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Bay A Bay Unit (IED) SCL
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Bay A Bay Unit (IED) SCL
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Bay A Bay Unit (IED)
SCL
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SCL SCL
It is possible to structure
the Logical Nodes, and
group them under different
Logical Devices.
The rules of this structure
are described in the XML
file.
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IEC 61850: Services (IED modelling)
The SCL file also describes
what the IED can do (services).
In this case it seems that the
IED cannot offer upload of
disturbance recorder file, as the
FileHandling Service is not
listed:
While this IED allows to upload

the disturbance recorder files
(FileHandling Service is
listed):
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IEC 61850: Different SCL files
Depending on the information they carry, there are different types of SCL files:
ICD (IED Capability Description)

CID (Configured IED Description)
SCD (Substation Configuration Description)
SSD (System Specification Description)
IID (Instantiated IED Description)

SED (System Exchange Description)
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IEC 61850 Standard
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IEC 61850: Engineering Process
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An IEC 61850 substation is described by one special SCL file, called SCD file
(Substation Configuration Description).
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There are software tools that can extract engineering information from the
SCD file and represent them in a comfortable way to the user:
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REPORTING Vertical Communication
All the IEC 61850 devices (IEDs) describe themselves with

help of the SCL language.
SCL information from all IEDs are integrated into the

IEC 61850 Engineering Tool.
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SCADA / RTU Vertical Communication
The SCADA system is

also IEC 61850
compliant, and it can read
the SCD files
understanding how the
substation looks like,
which IEDs are present
and which information
they send to the SCADA
system .
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GOOSE Horizontal Communication
In the SCL file there is written which IED talks to which IED.
The standard messages among IEDs in the same substation are called
GOOSE messages (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event).
GOOSE messages can contain protection application information (TRIP,
Block etc.).
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The IEC 61850 Engineering Tool
One IEC 61850 Engineering Tool is in principle a software that handles
SCL files.
The initial SCL files are provided by the IED vendor software tools, and they
are called ICD files (IED Capability Description).
The ICD files are imported in the IEC 61850 Engineering TOOL and
GOOSE Reporting information are added for each IED, creating the so
called SCD file (Substation Configuration Description).
The SCD file is then exported from the Engineering Tool. IED vendor tools
will import that file and will download in the IEDs the IEC 61850 information
that are written in the SCD files.
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IEC 61850:
Engineering Process
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IEC 61850: Engineering Tools
Documentation
The SCD file describes the
substation in IEC 61850 language
(SCL).
The IEC 61850 tool is able to
elaborate such information and to
show it in human readable format,
like a PDF file.
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IEC 61850: Engineering Tools
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IEC 61850 Standard
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PROCESS BUS
PROCESS
Sampled
Merging Values
IEC 61850-9-2
NCIT
Units
(SV)
9-2
(MU)
BUS
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FULLY IEC 61850 SUBSTATION
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THE RELAY
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Replacement of BO cards
GOOSE OUT
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Replacement of BI cards
GOOSE OUT
GOOSE IN
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GOOSE OUT
GOOSE IN
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THE IEC 61850-8-1 IED
GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT
IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus
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Replacement of analog cards + A/D conversion
SAMPLED VALUES (SV)
GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT
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SAMPLED VALUES
GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT
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THE FULLY IEC 61850 COMPLIANT IED
SAMPLED VALUES
IEC 61850-9-2
Process Bus
GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT
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WHERE ARE THE SAMPLED VALUES COMING FROM?
SAMPLED VALUES
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Merging Units
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Merging Units
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IEC 61850 Standard
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IEC 61850 Standard
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IEC 61850: TESTING
How do we test all of this?
How do we test the Network Topology (Switches)?
How do we test the Vertical Communication to SCADA?

(IEC 61850-8-1, MMS, Reporting)
How do we test Interlockings?

(IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE)
How do we test Protection Schemes?

(IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 SV)
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IEC 61850: TESTING
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Information about IEC 61850
KTH: Kungliga Tekniska Hgskolan
University courses on IEC 61850
for SA (Substation Automation)
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Tissues (Technical Issues) database
www.tissues.iec61850.com
IEC 61850 standard is a dynamic standard!. You must follow it!
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IEC 61850 Blog www.blog.iec61850.com
Competent and fast up to date blog on IEC 61850
Information on new IEC 61850

documents
Information on IEC 61850 events
Information on new instruments and

techniques on the IEC 61850
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Information om IEC 61850
Elforsk www.elforsk.se
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Information om IEC 61850
Megger http://www.megger.com
IEC 61850 test equipment, tools and litterature
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KTH IEC 61850 For Substation Automation 2013-04-12

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MEGGER Insulation testers, fibre optic testing

What is Substation Automation?

We need to know what we are talking about, in order to

The Primary equipments in the Substation need

PROTECTION signals (Trip, Block, Acceleration..) are sent through

Proprietary communication protocols were / are still available.

The communication between SCADA / RTU and the IEDs

Data exchanged can be:

Control (operating primary objects)

The data traffic runs on Ethernet, 100 Mbit/s.

Protection and Control signals are

PTRC (Trip, Operate)

While this IED allows to upload

ICD (IED Capability Description)

SSD (System Specification Description)

IID (Instantiated IED Description)

All the IEC 61850 devices (IEDs) describe themselves with

SCL information from all IEDs are integrated into the

The SCADA system is

GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

SAMPLED VALUES (SV)

GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

How do we test the Network Topology (Switches)?

How do we test the Vertical Communication to SCADA?

How do we test Interlockings?

How do we test Protection Schemes?

Information on new IEC 61850

Information on IEC 61850 events

Information on new instruments and

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