CHEM-101CEE

Course Instructor
Dr. Nur Uddin Ahamad
Department of Chemistry
Atomic Structure: Spectrum of H atom

Light: EM wave

Each color represents EM wave with specific wavelength (energy)

Whole range of : Spectrum

H Spectrum: Lines

UV region ( 200-400 nm): Lyman series

Visible region ( 400-800 nm): Balmer series

IR region (> 800 nm) : Paschen series

Reference: Google search

 How to Explain: Bohr Atom Model

Quantum theory: Max Planck

Energy absorbed or emitted is finite
E=h= 1 quantum

Postulates

Electron Orbits

Angular momentum, n.h/2 Fig. Bohr Atom Model

Reference: S. Z. Haider
Bohr Atom Model and Energy of Electron in H Atom

Equation derivation: Yourself !!!!!

 Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle and the Concept of
Orbitals

Multiple lines in multi electron atoms

Position and momentum of an electron

can not be fixed in an atom

Orbital: Probability of finding electron

Quantum Numbers: The Distribution of Electrons in an
Atom
Principal QN: n

Angular momentum QN: = n-1

Magnetic QN: m= 0, l

Spin QN: S= 1/2

For example, n =2, l= 1, m= 0, 1, S= 1/2 Important!!!

Reference: Raymond Chang and S. Z. Haider

 The Nature of Orbitals and Electron Distribution

l=0, S orbital
S
P l=1, p orbital
d l=2, d orbital
s Max 2 electrons
p Max 6 electrons
d Max 10 electrons
f Max 14 electrons

l= 3, f orbital
 Energy Levels and electron Distribution

Lowest energy orbital first

Max 2 electrons in one orbital

Pauli Exclusion Principle: No

two electrons in an atom can
have the same 4 quantum
numbers !!!!! Important
For example

X Right
Why ????????
 Electron Distribution in Degenerate Orbitals

P orbitals

Every orbital in a subshell is
singly occupied with one Wrong Right
electron before any one orbital is
doubly occupied

Electronic Configuration:
Fluorine (Z=9): 1S22S22P5

Ne, O, B, N ?????????? Important

1S 2S 2p
Done for Today !!!!!!