COMPUTERS

Done by: Mara Mayor

Teacher: Trinidad
TECHNOLOGY CLASS
4B
 What is a computer?

The Dictionary defines computer as any programmable electronic

device that can store, retrieve, and process data.

Term computer is derived from

the Latin term computare,
this means to calculate or
programmable machine.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRi1BHjID3o
HARDWARE
The term "Hardware" refers to the physical elements of a computer; the machinery or the electronics in a
computer. Consists of 4 components:

INPUT DEVICE CPU

Computer memory is any

Ex,microphone, scanner
The central processing unit (or CPU)
is the part of a computer that
interprets and carries out the
instructions contained in the software
physical device capable of
storing information temporarily
or permanently. For example,
Random Access Memory (RAM)
OUTPUT DEVICE

EX: monitor, speaker

 BINARY NUMERAL SYSTEM 110100
The binary number system is used to control a computer central processing unit. Example of a Binary
Number
It is made up of only 0s and 1s.

There is no 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in Binary!
How do we Count using Binary?

0 We start at 0

1 Then 1

??? But then there is no symbol for 2 ... what do we do?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6cSiP93nos&list=LLSb2hR8FnWCjJ15p7XqEE-A&index=2
 Well how do we count in Decimal?

0 Start at 0
... Count 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and then...
9 This is the last digit in Decimal
10 So we start back at 0 again, but add 1 on
the left
0 Start at 0

1 Then 1

10 Now start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left

11 1 more
Data sizes is represented in a series of bits.

Since the birth of computers, bits

have been the language that
control the processes that take
place in the computer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRmfXA4EUBs&list=LLSb2hR8FnWCjJ15p7XqEE-A&index=1
HOW THE SPEED OF A COMPUTER IS MEASURED?
It is measured in bits (b), or in bytes (B) per second

=8 bits long

bps bits per seconds data speed (old)

Kbps Kilobits (1000 per second) audio files (e.g. MP3s) are
typically measured

Mbps Megabits(1,000,000 per second) internet service

Gbps Gigabits(1,000,000,000 per second) networks, consumer internet

connections in some
countries
DATA CODING & INFORMATION DECODING
Computers,, don't understand the definitions for Numbers (0,...9), the Alphabet (A,...Z) and symbols (@,[,\,...), so
in order to process those pieces in the binary numeral system.

NUMERICAL
value " 3 " is 11. The unique code for 3 is 00000011
value " 4 " is 100. The unique code for 4 is 00000100
value " 5 " is 101. The unique code for 5 is 00000101

ALPHABET
The unique code for " A " is 01000001
The unique code for " B " is 01000010
The unique code for " C " is 01000011

SYMBOLS
The unique code for " @ " is 01000000
The unique code for " [ " is 01011011
The unique code for " \ " is 01011100
 -expensive
-very complex
- trillion individual
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
calculations every second
-Small similar problems
-An example of servers would be the SERVER COMPUTER
computers that Wikipedia stores its
encyclopedia on.

PERSONAL
COMPUTER
SUPER COMPUTER
SMARTPHONES

WORKSTATION --low cost

--all-around device
COMPUTER
-Useful for computer design and
manufacturing - MICROCONTROLLER
The movie Toy Story was made -mini computers that enable the user to
store data and execute simple
on a set of Sun (Sparc) commands and task
workstations
WHAT IS A MOTHERBOARD?

A motherboard is an electronic circuit board in a computer which interconnects the hardware that's
attached to it.

sometimes alternatively known

as the mainboard, system
board, baseboard, planar
board or logic board,[1] or
colloquially, a mobo

It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system,
such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory
 COMPUTER NETWORK
Why the network was invented?

To connect computers to share information like files and data, also hardware.

NETWORK DEFINITION
TYPES OF COMMON NETWORKS
network provides an ability in a
LAN (Local Area Network)
specified place and time.
-group of computers that are in close,
connect to each other by a router translation: red

-school & bussiness

 WAN (wide area network)
-connects multiple LANs across large physical distances

-doesn't require the internet

VPN (Virtual private networks)
-special way to create a WAN by using internet to
connect LANs,, without leasing a private cable.
INTERNET
-interlinked network
-made up of networks called ISPs
-There are multiple ISPs across the world,
and all of these are connected, to create a global network
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osWctsnbMa4
 SOFTWARE
Software enables computer hardware to perform specific tasks.

Software, commonly known as programs or applications, consists of all the electronic

instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

-Operating System software (windows, MAC)

-Application softwareA (allows users to accomplish one or more tasks; browsing the internet or writing a
text document)

-Programming software tools (makes easier to create programs and maintain them) translate language
into binary numbers
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)
Information Technology(IT) is a field concerned with the use of technology in managing and
processing data.

IT provides support for the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert,
store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information
 FUN FACTS
-Did you know that you blink up to 20 times a minute? Well this is quite
awesomeyou only blink 7 times a minute when youre using a computer!
Must be all that concentration.

this is crazy! The first computer mouse ever made was made of wood.
THE END!