METROLOGY &

MEASUREMENT
BNM30203
GEOMETRIC
DIMENSIONING AND
TOLERANCING
GROUP MEMBER

NAME NO MATRIC
ANDY OBRIEN N ANTIRING DN150046

KHAIRUL BAKRI AKMAL BIN KAMARUDIN DN150285

MOHAMAD AQIL BIN MOHD JAMIL DN150270

LOGESHREE A/P JAGATHESAN DN150005

WHAT IS DG&T?
GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing. It is a
system of symbols, rules and definitions used to define the geometry
of mechanical parts.
It uses a symbolic language on engineering drawings and computer-
generated three-dimensional solid models that explicitly describes
nominal geometry and its allowable variation.

EXAMPLE
 GD&T is very important to understand detailed
engineering drawings and has been successfully used by
engineers, designers, and manufacturers in the
automotive, aerospace, electronics, commercial design,
and manufacturing industries because it helps to specify
and control the form, location, and orientation of the
features of components and manufactured parts.
HISTORY
The origin of GD&T has been credited to a man named Stanley Parker, who
developed the concept of "true position" in 1938
The time was World War II, and the location was Great Britain, during wartime
deadlines are critical, and Mr. Parker ran into a situation where some torpedo parts
inspected according to traditional tolerances were rejected. But it turns out that they
were actually functional parts, and those parts were sent on their merry way even
though they didnt seem to be to print.
He traced the discrepancy to the fact that traditional X-Y tolerances result in a square
tolerance zone, but that parts outside the square may actually be good, so long as they
are within a circle that encompasses the squares corners:
APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES
The advantages of applying GD&T in design specification
are:

Uniformity in design practice.

Clear interpretation of tolerance classification.
Ensure interchangeability.
Maximum tolerance allocation.
Facilitate and simplify the design of cost saving functional
check gages and manufacturing fixtures and jigs.
Reduces the need for drawing notes to describe complex
geometry requirements.
Provides a clear and concise technique for defining a reference
coordinate system (datums) on a component or assembly
WHAT IS DIMENSIONING &
TOLERANCING
Before an object can be built, complete information about
both the size and shape of the object must be available.
The exact shape of an object is communicate through
orthographic drawings, which are developed following
standard drawing practices.
 Dimensioning standard plays a critical role in the creation
and interpretation of engineering drawings.
They provide a uniform set of symbols, definition, rules
and conventions for dimensioning.
STANDARD FOR GD&T
There are several standards available worldwide that
describe the symbols and define the rules used in
GD&T:
One such standard is American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) Y14.5-2009.
The other standards is from the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO).
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERS (ASME)
ASME is an engineering society focused on
mechanical engineering thus a standard organization,
a research and development organization, a provider of
training and education and a nonprofit organization.
A document that communicates a precise description of a
part.
This description consists of pictures, words, numbers and
symbols.
 Many multi-national corporation use ASME Y14.5 (ASME
Y14.5M-1994 or ASME Y14.5-2009) as their GD&T
standard worldwide for their international operations.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION (ISO)
They also have a version of GD&T, which they call ISO
1101.
At a present the ISO standards do not recognize the
interpretation of concentricity and symmetry as define in
the ASME Y14.5 standard.

Differences between ASME and ISO

GD&T Symbols and Terms
Symbol Description
Indicating that a tolerance applies to surfaces all around the part.

All around symbol

In addition to a general profile of a surface tolerance there is the option of

specifying that the tolerance applies all over on the field of the drawing.
All over specification

To apply a requirement to all features all around one side of a parting line,
the graphical symbol for all around this side of parting line is indicated on
All around this side of parting line the leader line.

To apply a requirement to all features all over one side of a parting line, the
graphical symbol for all over this side of parting line is indicated on the
All over this side of parting line leader line.

Used to indicate taper for conical tapers. This symbol is always shown with
the vertical leg to the left.
Conical Taper

Describes a condition of a surface of revolution in which all points of a

surface are equidistant from a common axis.
Cylindricity

Is the actual component feature used to establish a datum.

Datum Feature