ELECTRONIC

STABILITY CONTROL
SYSTEM
BY:- EASHAAN KALE
INTRODUCTION

The Electronic Stability Control (ESC), is an on-board car safety

system , which enables the stability of a car to be maintained during
critical manoeuvring and to correct potential under steering or over
steering.
ESC operates normally with both brakes and engine management.
If the car loses control , defined as when one wheel rotates faster or
more slowly than calculated from the steering input and turning
angle , braking is applied to one or more of the wheels and the
engine power might be reduced.
Also known as :-

Electronic Stability Program (ESP)

Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)

Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)

Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)

Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)

NEED FOR ESC

Recent analysis of real world accidents in the USA, Japan and

Europe suggest that ESC can be remarkably effective at preventing
loss-of control accidents.
A study suggests that in 67% of the Fatal Accidents and 42% of Injury
only crashes , the driver lost control.
ESC is also more effective on wet roads during rains and on snow or
ice covered roads.
WORKING

UNDERSTEER,OVERSTEER WITH AND WITHOUT ESC

 The electronic stability control system doesnt work all alone it uses
the cars other safety and regulatory devices, like anti-lock braking
and traction control, to correct problems before they become
accidents.
Center of ESC system is the center of the car : The Yaw Control
Sensor

ESC incorporates yaw rate control into the anti-lock

braking system(ABS)
Yaw is a rotation around the vertical axis; i.e. spinning left or right

Anti-lock brakes enable ESC to brake individual wheels

With and Without ESC

Vehicle without ESP

1. Vehicle approaches an obstacle
2. Vehicle goes off course, enters oncoming traffic lane and driver loses
control
3. Countersteering causes the vehicle to go into a skid
Vehicle with ESP
1. Vehicle approaches an obstacle
2. Vehicle threatens to break away. ESP intervenes and restores full
steerability
3. Countersteer results in threat of renewed breakaway, ESP intervenes
again
4. Vehicle is stabilised
Components of ESC

ESP-Hydraulic unit with integrated ECU

Wheel speed sensors
Steering angle sensor
Yaw rate sensor with integrated acceleration sensor
Engine-management ECU for communication
Sensors
 Wheel-speed sensors: One wheel-speed sensor at each wheel
measures the speed of the wheel which the computer can then
compare to the speed of the engine.
Steering-angle sensors:This sensor, in the steering column, measures
the direction the driver intends to aim the car. If its different than
the direction the car is actually traveling, the ESC system will kick in.
Rotational-speed sensor:This is also known as the yaw sensor. Its the
one in the middle of the car that measures the side-to-side motion
of the vehicle.
How ESC prevents Rollover :-

Following factors affect C.G.:-

Drivers Manoeuvers
Heavy vehicle loading conditions
Roadway design
Roadway Curvature
To prevent this :-
RSC Function in ESC is used
Lateral Accelerometer
Engine throttle is reduced
Engaging tractor driver axle and
brakes
Benefits Of ESC :-

Plays an important role in reducing the number and severity of

crashes due to loss of control
Works hand in hand with other safety devices on board in the car
such as ABS.
Very Effective in Slippery Conditions when loss of control of the
vehicle can occur easily
Plays an important role in controlling heavy vehicles (SUVs) or trucks
and buses which are generally tougher to control and manoeuvre
Also prevents roll overs of heavy vehicles.
Its Effectiveness :-

Electronic stability reduced crash involvement by 30-35%

High effectiveness for reducing serious crashes involving other loss of

control situations such as skidding (33%), and rollover (59%)

Reduction rate of 32% of the risk of fatal multiple vehicle crashes

and a reduced risk of single vehicle crashes by more than 40% (of
fatal ones:56%)

SUVs with ESC are involved in 67% fewer accidents than SUVs
without the system.
Conclusions and
Recommendations
ESC was found to reduce crashes with personal injuries, especially serious and fatal
injuries.
The effectiveness ranged from at least 13% for car occupants in all types of crashes
with serious or fatal outcome to a minimum of 35% effectiveness for
single/oncoming/overtaking serious and fatal crashes on wet or icy road surface.
Consumers should be recommended to buy cars with ESC, and automotive industry
should only market cars with ESC as quickly as possible.
Further studies should be made, to validate the results of the present study, and
increase the understanding of the mechanism of the improvement.
In India, safety features are still considered as luxury features, thus ESC is available
only in the higher variants. We have a long way to go in making such safety features
more accessible and mandatory!
Future Scope

Future research will investigate the effect of other vehicle control system
properties, on the vehicle stability and performance credit using simulation and
field testing platform. As rollover is an unwanted phenomenon, and it can be
mitigate with help of active safety control systems.

Country and regions that have made the application of ESC mandatory are:

Australia, Canada, the European Union, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the
Russian Federation, Turkey and the United States of America.

In fact, government of Argentina and New Zealand too have committed to

mandate this life-saving technology in 2018 and 2015 respectively.

To make this very essential product Cost Effective

REFERENCES

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.571.388&
rep=rep1&type=pdf
http://www.mpainesyd.com/filechute/PAINE_ESC_TESTS.pdf
THANK YOU.