REPRODUCTION

SYSTEM
 Reproduction is the ability of
organism that has precisely
equal property with its parent or
the union of properties of both
parent. Therefore reproduction
is done by all of organism to
keep their kind are not extinct.
 Divided into :

doesnt need
another organism (individu)
R that has different sex type,
ASEXUAL
E
so that directly
P
R can do reproduction
O
D
U the process of producing
C offspring for the survival
T of the species,
SEXUAL and passing on
I
O hereditary traits from one
N generation to the next.
 PLANT REPRODUCTION
The reproduction of the plant can be
through :

vegetative generative
 VEGETATIVE
REPRODUCTION

Natural
vegetative
(vegetatif alami)

Artificial
Vegetative
(vegatatif buatan)
 Natural vegetative (vegetatif alami)

STOLON LEAF

BUDS SPORE

RHIZOME

BULBUS

TRUNK TUBER
 Artificial Vegetative (vegatatif buatan)

goote steak

layering
connecting

graffing
 stolon

Happen at some kinds of plant that have

branch that grow horizontally on the soil
surface. From joints in this stolon, will grow
root and the upper will formed new shoot.

Ex: centella asiatica(kaki kuda) and strawberry

 Leaf
Reproduction by the leaf can be
happened because there is the
leafs part that constant
meristematic, while in the certain
time will be develop and make bud
and root, then in the certain time will
be grow and loose from the main.

Example : Cocor bebek (Kalanchoe

waldheimii)
 Trunk tuber
Trunk tuber is trunk that grow horizontally
under the soil, used to store the food so
that the shape get bigger. In this tuber,
there are buds that will be grow as the
new plant.
Example : Potato and Caladium
 Bulbus / layers tuber
Bulbus is tuber that has layers and in the
middle there is very short trunk (cakram)
and bud as new organism to be (clove).
Example : Onion, garlic
rhizome

Rhizome is a trunk which is grow

horizontally above the soil. The
characteristics :
- The shape is like root
- Jointed (berbuku-buku) like trunk
- Each joint there is leaf that
changes into scales (sisik)
- Each scales there is bud
Example : ginger, turmeric, temu
lawak
BUDS

Bud is formed by making little bulging in the

plants main body, which is get longer get bigger.
This bulging then grows and develops to be new
plant.
Example : banana, bamboo
SPORE
Algae Spore consist of zoospore and aplanospore. Zoospore
has cilia that can moves freely in the water to another place and
then grow and develop to the new organism (individu)

MossSpore is formed in the spore box (sporangium). When the

sporangium is broken, the spore moves out, and then flown by
the wind and fall in the appropriate place and grow to be
protonema (young moss)

FernSpore formed special leaf that can form spore, it is called

sporophyl. Spore in the sporangium under the sorus. (Sorus
placed under the sporophyl). When the sporangium broken, spore
moves out and flown by the wind and fall in the suitable place and
then grow to be a new fern.
 goote
The characteristics of plant that can be gooted are:

The stem is not too old and not too

young
Not big
Sturdy
Pure
The colour is bright brown
 The way to goote

Make circle piece cut with the radius 3-5 cm

Strip the stem skin fill the cambium is visible
Clean the cambium layer
Dry the graft for several days (2-4days)
Close the graft with crumble soil then wrapping
coconut husk or plastic

Ex: orange, mango, etc

 Steak
is a cut of plantv stem part that has shoot eye

the way to steak are:

Choose the stem that old enough

Cut and put it into shade place during
several days
Plant the stem on the sol that already
digged

Ex: cassava, ipomea aquatica, ipomea batatas

 Connecting

is fuse the under of stem with upper stem of different but

from one family

Ex: durian with mango

The way:
Cut diagonally in the under and upper of
the stem
Make gap on upper and under stem
Meeting upper and under part of the stem,
fill up the cambium of those stem meet.
String with rope
 Layering
is wrao the half of branch and thin sink it in soil

the way:

Bend the stem of plant

Sink the stem in soil
Cut the stem that bending if it already
produce many of root
Plant the bending product at the other place

Ex: apple, strawberry

Graffing/ Adhering/oculation

Is doing for two different

characteristics.

Ex: citrus fruit, avocado

The way:

Slice the skin of stem that will be adhered

make square shape
Silce the shoot that will adhered as big as
slice stem
Slice of shoot adhered at stem and then
string it
If the shoot already grow, cut the upper
part of stem, so the shoot grow more fast
generative

In generative reproduction, there is the

process of joining the 2 kinds of gamete from
2 different sex of organism, so that there will
be mixing the genetic material and may
produce new organism.
The two of gametes can be
separated by the shape,
size, and the
characteristics, known as
heteogametes.

Melting (peleburan) the 2 kinds of gametes

called singami. The singami, preceded by
fertilization process, is the meeting
(pertemuan) between sperm and ovum
In the simple organism there no
separated (different) between
male gametes and ovum,
because both of them as the
same, called isogamete. If one
of them bigger than another,
called anisogamet.
Plant development with generative
Experience by speed plant
Flower as its sexual organ
Pass through by pollination process and
fertilization
Pollination is falling of polen to head of
pstil process
Fertilization is process of meeting of male
sex cell with the female.
 tangkai sari (filamen)

kepala sari (antera) Produce ovule

Producer male gamete

Attract the insect attention
( pollen)

Protect the flowers bud (kuncup)

tangkai putik (stilus)

kepala putik (stigma)
putik bakal buah (ovarium) di dalam bakal buah terdapat bakal biji
(ovule)
 otogami

Fall to the head of pisyil itself

Geitogami

Fall to the other flower head of pistil

but still in one tree
polination
alogami
Fall into the other flower pistil from
the other tree but still in the same kinds

Bastard pollination

Fall to the other flower head of pistil

from the other tree that the same kind
but difference variety
 Intermediary of polination
By animal
By wind
By water
By human
 Pollination by animal
Flower has big flower crown and striking
color
Flower produce nectar
Flower produce special scent
When animal absorb nectar, pollen dust
adhere in animals food and brought to the
other flower head of pistil

Ex: bee, cave bird

 Pollinatin by wind
Flower has small, light in weight and many
of pollen dust
Flower has ling stalk pollen
The shape of flower crown is small or
hasnt crown
The flower has of pistil is out extended
Wind fly the pollen so the pollen can a light
in the other flower head of pistil
Pollination by water

When the rain is dropping, the water

fall to pollen dust so the pollen dust
brought by the water and fall touch
head of pistil
Pollination by human

Pollen dust of flower lay down to

the pistil by human

Ex: vanilla
FERTILIZATION
 Singular fertilization

Process that sperm inseminating ovum and it

can produce zigot.

This process happened in gymnospermae.

Strobilus jantan serbuk sari jatuh pada tetes penyerbukan (ujung putik) buluh serbuk
membelah inti tabung dan inti spermatogen inti spermatogen membelah dua inti sperma
membuahi sel telur di dalam ruang arkegonium zigot lembaga di dalam biji tumbuhan baru.
Double fertilization

Double fertilization, occurred in

the closed seed plant
(angiospermae)
 In this process, consist of
double fertilization

i. Inti spermatozoid 1 +ovum zygot embrio (2n)

ii. Inti spermatozoid 2 + inti kandung lembaga

sekunder endosperm di dalam kotiledon (keping lembaga).
 At angiospermae, two male
gamette brought with pollen tube
for occurred fertilization process
One gamette will fuse with egg nucleus
to arrange embrio and the other will
fuse with two pollen nucleus to arrange
endosperm
 Two cycle plant

Bryophyte Ptherydophyte
Bryophyte

Male sexual organ is

anteridium that can
produce spermatozoid.
Female sexual organ
is arkegonium that can
produce ovum.
Spermatozoid can
swim in the water, to
arkegonium so
fertilization can
occurred in arkeonium
 spore

protalium

anteridium arkegonium

spermatozoid ovum
 zygote

ptherydophytes

sporangium,

spore
 Ptherydophyte

Ptherydophyte experience
metegnesis with two generation,
those are sporophyte generation and
gametophyte generation
 spore
G
protonema A
M
Most plant E
T
O
anteridium arkegonium P
H
Y
spermatozoid ovum T
E
 zygote
S
P
embryo
O
R
sporogonium O
P
H
sporangium Y
T
E
spore
 Thank for your attention.
Dian Rizki Ayu P
Fariza Itsna Q A
Martina Dwi P
Muh. Hadi Mizan
Sela Prasiska
Vivian Resiana