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There are several variables that influence peoples sense of self determination one way or the other.
Choices
Threats and deadlines
Controlling statements
Extrinsic reward
Surveillance and evaluation
Theory of achievement motivation (Atkinson)
Motivation to perform is affected by two variables\
Expectancy people must believe that they can accomplish a task, that is, they should have
expectancy about what the want to achieve.
Value they should place an importance or value in what they are doing
Several factors affecting expectancy
Previous triumphs and failures
Perceived difficulty of a task
Ones general work habits
Environmental resources
Quality of instruction
Anticipated effort necessary to succeed
Value is equally subjective in nature . some activities are valued due to
Personal characteristics that a person yearns for
Seen as means to a desired goal
They bring happiness.
Attribution Theory (B. Weiner)
Peoples various explanations for success and failure their beliefs about what causes attributions.
Dimensions underlying peoples attributions. People can explain events in many different ways. For
example, a tennis player may attribute his/her wins and successes in matches to things like luck,
health, effort, mood, strengths and weaknesses of his/her opponents, climate, his/her fans etc.
Attributions of people are affected by three dimensions.
Locus: (Place) Internal vs. External.
Internal : factors within ourselves.
External : factors beyond our control.
ANALYSIS:
1. Biologically prepared here refers to the particular age level that a child can do or exhibit a particular behavior expected of
him/her
A. This is the correct answer because the child is ready to do a particular thing or exhibit the behavior expected of him/her
particular level. Biological preparedness or readiness can not be advanced nor delayed because it is a natural unfolding
B. and D. exercise and practice similar concepts. If a child is not ready to learn, how can he practice or exercise if he/she has
not yet learned something.
C. Effect this is in contrast to preparedness. Something has already taken place or has happened to see its effect/s.
Preparedness has something to do with before and effect with after.
2. Which of the following statements will not support the concept of individual differences?
A. Use varied activities for a difficult lesson
B. Consider the uniqueness of each student
C. Involve all students regardless of what the activity is
D. Help should be extended to both the gifted and retarded learners/students.
ANALYSIS:
Focus here is the concept of individual differences
A. Using varied activities will meet individual differences. Some of the activities may be simple which will be suited to
the slow or average students while some activities which may be quite difficult will be for the fast or bright students.
B. Considering the uniqueness (what an individual possesses which others do not) is tantamount to acknowledging
individual differences.
C. Not all students will be interested in an activity especially if it is not interesting to them or is somewhat difficult to do.
If all students will be involved regardless of what the activity is, then the concept of individual differences is not
applied.
D. Helping both the gifted and retarded learners/students is also considered as recognizing individual differences.
Through some students are gifted, somehow they also need help in other aspects of development.
3. Mr. David would like to increase the abilities of his students to solve more complex problems. What must Mr. David do?
A. Correct all wrong answers at all time.
B. Increase practice with simple problems.
C. Reduce stimulation so as to increase attention to the task.
D. Problems match appropriately to students level of thinking.
ANALYSIS:
The thing to consider here is to solve more complex problems
A. Just correcting the wrong answers of students at all time will not increase their abilities in solving more complex problems.
B. It deals with simple problems. How will the students learn solving complex problems when they are used to solving simple
problems only.
C. If stimulation is lessened, the more students attention to the task at hand will be lessened, the more they will not think and
be able to solve especially complex problems.
D. This is the correct answer. Matching the problems to be solved with the students level of thinking is saying that the problem
to be solved, through how complex. It is, is still not too easy nor too difficult but just right for the students to work on.
4. Which of the following statements is false about motivation?
5. The following are specific strategies for memory enhancement. Which one is not?
7. Which phase in observational learning refers to although observer acquires and retains ability to perform the
modeled behavior, there will be no overt performances unless conditions are favorable?
A. Attention
B. Retention
C. Motivational Process
D. Motor Reproduction Process
8. Which of the following best described what meaningful learning is?
9. Which of the following principles of learning applies to considering students age in presenting certain content
and cognitive process?
A. Principle of readiness
B. Principle of learning by doing
C. Principle of presenting challenging tasks
D. Principle of learning aided by formulating and asking questions.
10. When the usual manner of doing things is lost, the process is called
A. Habituation
B. Extinction
C. Demolition
D. None of the above
11. There are six levels in cognitive development moving through the lowest process to the highest.
Knowledge 2. Application 3. Synthesis 4. Analysis 5. Comprehension 6. Evaluation
A. 1-5-2-4-3-6
B. 1-2-3-4-5-6
C. 1-3-5-2-4-6
D. 1-4-2-3-5-6
12. Which principle underlies cognitive learning?
A. External motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive than internal motivation.
B. Motivation is enhanced by the way in which the instructional material is organized.
C. Motivation to perform is affected by expectancy and value.
D. Internal motivation is fueled by ones goals or ambitions.
14. Which is not characteristic of a metacognitive thinker?
15. The following are stages in learning psychomotor skill. Which one is not?
A. Planning stage
B. Cognitive stage
C. Organizing stage
D. Perfecting stage
16. Which of the following is not included in affective learning?
A. Attitudes
B. Beliefs
C. Values
D. Ambitions
19. Why should teacher provide positive feedback and realistic praise?
A. A first grade teacher greets each of the students with a smile when they come into the room in the morning.
B. The teacher checks the given assignment everyday.
C. The monitoring of absences is done by the class secretary.
D. Cleanliness and orderliness of the room is a must in the classroom of Mrs. Orilla.
22. Which of the following principles apply in this situation? Teacher presented a new lesson wherein the students
were asked to work on a new project which was somewhat complicated. The students showed interest while
working on it.
23. All except one is not a characteristic of Skinners reinforcement and operant conditioning. Which one is not?
A. Teacher uses verbal explanation and description of the movements in addition to live demonstration of the
movements.
B. Teacher provides feedback to the learner about his/her progress.
C. Teacher encourages the learner to practice , practice, in order to maintain his/her sharpness.
D. All of the above.
PART III ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS
1. Which theory operates in stimulus response principle, which means all behaviors? Are caused by external
stimuli?
A. Contextualist Theory
B. Behaviorist Theory
C. Cognitive Theory
D. Constructivist Theory
ANALYSIS:
Option A it explains that learning is greatly affected by the kind of environment an individual lives in.
Option B is the correct option. It tells about how behaviors are acquired and developed through external
stimuli.
Option C it mentions about mental images and verbal descriptions as tools for retaining information.
Option D is the correct options. It discusses how prior knowledge helps the learner Understand new
information in the learning process.
2. Teacher Angelo , a SPED teacher, before introducing a new , lesson, he helps his highly functioning ADHD students
build the prerequisite knowledge since prior knowledge is essential for the comprehension of new information.
What learning theory is associated in the situation?
A. Law of Effect
B. Law of Set and Attitude
C. Law of Readiness
D. Law of Exercise
Analysis
Option A it explains on reward and punishment in increasing desirable and undesirable behaviors.
Option B it tells about pre-judgments or prior experiences effect toward a given task
Option C it points out on satisfying and annoying response depending on the preparedness of the learner.
Option D is the correct answer. It suggests that connections between a stimulus and response are strengthened
as they are used and weakened when practice is discontinued
6. Which of the following learning theories explained on Zone of Proximal Development? (ZPD) wherein the gap
between actual and potential development should be mediated?
A. Social Cognitive
B. Social Constructivism
C. Cognitive Construction
D. Cognitive Behavior Modification
7. Mr. Ang patiently teaches his son, John on how to ride a bike. After a month of holding on to Johns bike while
John rides on it, Mr. Ang gradually detaches himself to the bike then John afterwards could now ride his bike on his
own. What has been practiced in the situation?
A. Learning
B. Scaffolding
C. Knowing
D. Understanding
8. Who among the proponents of theories of learning was known for his Bobo Doll experiment wherein children
imitated what they have witnessed regarding the treatment given to Bobo doll?
A. Albert Bandura
B. Jullian Rotter
C. Ivan Pavlov
D. Burrhus Skinner
9. What theory explains the interlocking of one system to another system wherein if the relationship in the
immediate system breaks down, the child will not have the tools to explore other parts of his environment resulting
to behavioral deficiencies?
A. Contextualist Theory
B. Constructivism Theory
C. Behaviorism Theory
D. Cognitive Theory
10. Which of the following best describes what meaningful learning is?
11. Ms. Jones after learning the statements made by her colleague toward their newly appointed principal, she is
carefully deliberating or whether to accept , reject or suspend judgment in such claim. What type of thinking Ms.
Jones has?
A. Creative Thinking
B. Critical Thinking
C. Reflective Thinking
D. Logical Thinking
12. The class of Mr. Veloso read the book entitled The Reader. After which he divided the class into two groups
and asked each group to write and perform a play based on the story. The group who performed better is exempted
to take the long quiz. What cognitive domain is manifested?
A. Evaluation
B. Knowledge
C. Analysis
D. Synthesis
13. Mr. Tan is a man with principles. He sees to it that he assesses correctly his statements using analysis and logic
before disclosing his evaluation to his subordinates. Mr. Tan is manifesting what type of thinking?
A. Creative Thinking
B. Critical Thinking
C. Reflective Thinking
D. Logical Thinking
14. One of Mr. Agors members in the dance troupe collapsed during their rehearsal for their upcoming competition
in Seoul, Korea. What should Mr. Agor do with the student?
15. According to this cognitive theory, the individual learns when the human mind takes in information (encoding),
perform operation in it, stores the information (storage) andretrieves it when needed (retrieval)
A. Meaningful Reception
B. Cumulative Learning
C. Information Processing
D. Cognitive Behavior Modification
16. Learning is used to be meaningful when new information is related to what the learner already know.
What theory supports such statement?
17. It refers to the acquisition of fine and gross motor skills in conjunction with muscular development as they
relate to the mental process.
A. Cognitive Learning
B. Affective Learning
C. Psychomotor Learning
D. Social Learning
18. Teacher Kiko prepared the materials for his laboratory class in chemistry. He instructed the team leader in every
group to start along with the members of the group. Mr. Kiko allows his students to construct their own knowledge
through direct experience and enable them to create schema. What theory is displayed in the given situation?
19. When the nature of situation has a significant effect on the process of learning, this statement is supported by
what theory?
A. Learning Modalities
B. Individual Differences in Learning
C. Situated Learning
D. Learning Styles
20. When the nature vs nurture, heredity and environment plays a significant role in the learning process. He
proposed that environmental context has interrelated major levels. But if the relationship in the immediate system
breaks down, the child will not have the tools to explore other parts of his/her environment resulting to behavioral
and academic deficiencies.
A. William Kohler
B. Robert Gagne
C. David Ausubel
D. Urie Brofenbrenner
21. Schools and teachers should work to support the primary relationship of the child and create an environment
that welcomes family relationship and close collaboration between home and school?
A. Scaffolding
B. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
C. Assimilation
D. Accommodation
23. Joy, a sophomore high school student from Sto. Tomas school was well known for her abilities to show case her
talents during the sophomore night and has the most number of acquaintances because of her initiative to start a
conversation with her peers. Joy has the intelligence of
A. Interpersonal
B. Intrapersonal
C. Naturalist
D. Existentialist
24. It is an instructional process in which the teacher adjusts the amount and type of support offered to the child to
suit the childs abilities, withdrawing the support as the child becomes more skilled.
A. Scaffolding
B. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
C. Assimilation
D. Accommodation
25. One of the requirements of teacher Carmel in her class Is a case study. She grouped her class into four and asked
each group to prepare a case to present their view about homosexuality. What cognitive domain is displayed.?
A. Evaluation
B. Knowledge
C. Synthesis
D. Analysis