Construction OSH MGMT Guidelines in Malaysia

Construction OSH Management
Guidelines
Azman Bin Hussain
Construction Safety Division
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
What is the contributing factors to
accident/incident?
2
Letupan di petrochemical plant, Terengganu,
2012
Failure to identify risk

Failed to recognize the
significance of earlier
incident flash fire
occurred previous month
Lack of inspection and
testing
Presence of hydrocarbon
in storm water drain
3
Falsework failure, Penang, 2013
Kelemahan pada
pemasangan komponen
falsework
Sistem falsework tidak
stabil (curved, skewed
Unclear method
statement
Lack of information on
falsework design
Failed to recognize
complexity of the work
4
Falsework failure, JB, 2013
Installation of falsework is
not according to design
Lack of competency
people during installation,
inspection
Insufficient SOP during
concreting no person to
inspect while concreting,
inspection must be done
before concreting
5
Bumbung stadium runtuh, Terengganu 2013
Incomplete method Failure to recognize the

statement significance of previous
MS2318:2012 report
Incompetent contractor Failure to recognize the
Failure to identify risk due complexity of work
to change of process
6
Viaduct toppled during installation, Selangor,
2014
Lack of supervision
Failure to identify risk due
to change of process
Lack of inspection and
testing
Effective communication
failure
Lack of sub-contractor
management
Unsafe SOP
7
Other cases
Died falling
13 May 2016 Plant, Melaka
from height
Fell while Not wearing

fixing the roof safety
at 40' harness/ belt
and last one
Died falling
10 June 2016 Plant, Johor
from height
Fell while
Not wearing
installing air-
safety
con at 11th
harness/ belt
floor
http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/fatal-
accident-case
10
Fatal accident cases from the
DOSHs website
(http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/fatal-accident-case)
If you analyse the cases, you will

realise that:
Accidents are commonly repeating
Lower level of control measures are commonly

cited
Ensuring safety needs common sense

HSE Research Report 2003
12
5 key elements to construction safety
Managing the risks by applying the risk management
approach and the general principles of prevention;
Appointing the right people and organisations at the right
time;
Making sure everyone has the information, instruction,
training and supervision they need to carry out their jobs in
a way that secures safety and health;
Duty holders cooperating and communicating with each
other and coordinating their work; and
Consulting workers and engaging with them to promote
and develop effective measures to secure safety, health and
welfare
14
Fundamental to future
construction legislation
Catalyst for improving industrys

poor OSH performance
Signify policy shift self-regulated,

cooperation, performance-based
approach, duty holders
15
Profile of the Industry
Diversity of the industry
Construction of buildings and

structures
9% of workforce, 4% of GDP
16
Occupational Fatalities 1999-2015
1200
1004
958
1000
858 822 846
755
800 716 696 754 730 746 689 726
668
582 617 573
600
400
146 159 140

200 89 88 95 81 81 64 76 113 88 109 73 84 89
47
0
Construction All Industries

Source: DOSH, SOCSO, DoL, CIDB
17
Occupational Fatality Rate 2011-2015
12 10.94
9.62
10
8 7.26
6.75
6.27
6
6.17
4 4.84
4.64 4.62
4.21
2
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: DOSH Construction All Industries
18
Characteristics of the industry
transient foreign
multifacet complex dynamic
work sites workers
stage and multiple

labour complex
fragmented process contractors/
intensive product
dependent employers
work and
movement of movement of varying
people are contractual
people and people and arrangement working
constantly
plant plant culture
changing
19
Biggest challenges to OSH in construction
Changing the working culture of

stakeholders
Primary responsibility lies with

business who creates risk
DOSH should influence &

encourage - punitive actions only
to deter
20
Construction OSH Management Guidelines -
Significance
Managing OSH at planning and

design stage is more effective
Provide practical guidance to the

client, designer and contractor
OSH is shared responsibilities &

team work to design hazards out
21
Ability to influence safety1
Encourage all parties to take responsibility,
by better planning, design & management
Those who can influence OSH during

project lifecycle are made responsible
OSH should be treated as an essential, but

normal part of the project
22
1 R. Szymberski, Construction Project Safety Planning TAPPI Journal, 1997.
Significance
Across US, 42% of construction fatalities were

related to design issues between the years 1990
and 20031
A 1991 study done in Europe found that 60% of

fatalities were the result of decisions made
before the site work even began2
63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed

to design decisions of lack of planning3
1 Behm, M., Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction concept (2005)
2 European Foundation for the Imrpovement of Living and Working Conditions (1991)
3 NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool, 2001 23
Ability to influence safety1
Conception Detailed Design Procurement Construction Start Up
High
Maximum
return on
efforts Maximum
resources
Ability to Influence deployment
on safety
Costs
Resources
Low Deployed
Project Schedule 24
1 R. Szymberski, Construction Project Safety Planning TAPPI Journal, 1997.
Overview
25
Fundamental
the right information
for the right people
at the right time
26
Appointing the right people and organisations at
the right time
1. Individual competency
Those appointed must have the skills, knowledge, training
and experience to carry out the work they will be employed
2. Organisational capability
Appointed organisation must have the policies and systems in
place to set acceptable safety and health standards which
comply with the law, & resources and people to ensure the
standards are delivered
3. Right time
Appointing consultant or contractor at the right time, so that
they have enough time to plan and manage for safety and
health
27
the right time
.
In a proposed mix development, a client required five
high-rise buildings to be designed and connected at the
mid and top floors via curved sky bridges.
The client initially appointed a building designer for the

design, but subsequently realised that the building
designer did not have the experience and knowledge to
design the curved sky bridges.
.
The client then appointed a bridge designer to design

the curved sky bridges while the building designer
designed the building.
28
the right time
A client awarded a contract to a principal

contractor for the demolition of an old shopping
complex.
While it was unknown during the tender stage, it

was later discovered that the building that was to
be demolished had a pre-stressed floors.
With this new information, the principal contractor

would need more time to engage and work with
contractors who are pre-stressed specialists to
help demolish this building.
Hence, the client should provide the principal

contractor with additional time and resources to
resolve this situation.
29
the right time
Ensure persons who are

appointed are competent
Not accept in appointment

unless they are competent
All person
should:
Not instruct a worker to carry
out/ manage design/ work
unless he is competent
30
Managing the risk by applying the risk
management approach & general principles of
prevention
Avoidance of risks
Eliminations of hazards or substitution for something
Higher
less hazardous Hazard

Prevention
Reducing or limiting the duration of exposure to the through
Reliability of Control
hazard Design
Isolation/ segregation
Engineering controls
Safe systems of work
Training and information
PPE
Welfare
Lower
Monitoring and supervision
31
management approach & general principles
of prevention
1. Avoid risks
2. Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided
3. Combat the risks at source
4. Adapt the work to the individual
5. Adapt to technical progress
6. Replace dangerous by non-dangerous or less
dangerous
7. Develop a coherent overall prevention policy
8. Give collective protective measures priority over
individual protective measures
9. Give appropriate instructions to employees
32
management approach & general principles of
prevention
Avoid risk where possible;
evaluate those risks that cannot

be avoided; and
put in place proportionate

measures that control them at
source.
33
How designer can contribute to safety?
Parapet vs. roof anchor1
The study compared the cost and risk of installing parapet

system or roof anchor system to prevent falls from roof edge
hazard.
The parapet system was found to be an expensive, but safer
alternative compared with the roof anchor system.
The roof anchor system is the least expensive option, but the
fall hazard is not eliminated when using a personal fall arrest
system. A fall restraint system should be used to prevent the
fall, but not feasible for all roofs.
The roof anchor system creates more risk during installation of
temporary guardrails, and reduces productivity by 15%
Both the anchor and parapet options do not affect the quality
of the product.
Study allows owners and designers to make an informed
decision while choosing design solutions
34
1 Rajendran & Gambatese (2013), Risk and financial impacts of prevention through designs solutions.
Making sure everyone has the information,
instruction, training and supervision
Information Instruction Training Supervision
Required level will depend on the risks involved in the

project, complexity and scale of the project and the
level of skills, knowledge, training and experience of
the workforce
35
PRE- CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND

CONSTRUCTION PHASE PLAN HEALTH FILE
INFORMATION
Des c r iption of the A brief des c ription of
Des c ription of the pr oj ec t; the work c arried out;
proj ec t; Saf ety and health His toric s ite data;
Clients m anagem ent of the Any hazards that
c ons iderat io ns and wor k ; have not been
m anagem ent Identif ic at i on of elim inated ;
requirem ents ; s ignif ic ant s ite ris k s . Inves tiga t io n reports
Environm ent a l & rec ords ;
res tric tions and Statem ent of des ign
ex is ting on - s ite r is k s ; philos op h y, k ey
Signif ic a nt des ign s truc tural princ ipl es ;
and c ons truc tio n and etc .
hazards ; and etc .
36
Workers are provided with information and instruction that include:

a. suitable site induction;
Information Instruction
b. emergency procedures; and
Training Supervision
c. information on hazards, risks and control measures put in place.
37
Establishing training needs to workers:

a. assess the existing safety and health skills, knowledge, training
and experience;
Information
b. compare these Instruction Training
attributes with the range Supervision
of skills, knowledge,
training and experience they will need for the job; and
c. identify any shortfall between (a) and (b). The difference between
the two will be the necessary training.
As a general rule, if the person being assessed demonstrates the

required qualities, no further training should be needed.
38
Appropriate supervision must be provided.

a. Closer supervision if they are inexperienced/ starting new work
b. Assess level of safety awareness, education, physical agility,
Information Instruction
literacy and attitude
Training Supervision
Let them know how to get supervisory help, even when supervisor is
not present.
BOWECS Reg. requires SSS and CSS, for several work activities
designated person must be appointed to provide supervision
39
Everyone cooperating and communicating with
each other and coordinating their work
Cooperating
to ensure safety and health

to ensure everyone complies with the law
Communicating
to make sure everyone understands the risks and the

measures to control those risk
between main coontractors of different sites
Coordinating
among sub-contractors who start at different stages

flow of information and instruction
40
Review meeting by clients
with designers and contractors, who may affect design,

construction and maintenance at various key stages of
the project
during which indentified foreseeable design risk, if not

eliminated, is reduced, and residual risks are recorded
and communicated
is typically conducted during pre-construction phase, but

can be done during construction phase
looks at design risks which begins on the drawing board,

and considers how a building or structure can be
constructed, maintained, cleaned and demolished safely
41
During the review, one of the items discussed was

the installation of glossy ceramic floor tiles
which would get wet and slippery during washing

or when water got spilled onto them, in the
kitchen, cold rooms and toilet areas
Installation of the tiles in these areas would

possibly lead to cleaners or kitchen staff slipping
or falling
With this consideration, the team agreed that

floor finishes at these areas should be of non-slip
material to reduce the risk of slips and falls
42
Consulting workers and engaging with them to
promote and develop effective measures
It is required under the law!

engagement
Consultation
Helping spot workplace risks and

knowing what to do about them
Making sure safety and health
controls are appropriate
and
Increasing level of commitment to

working in a safe and healthy way
43
Thank You
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Construction OSH Management

Failure to identify risk

Incomplete method Failure to recognize the

Fell while Not wearing

If you analyse the cases, you will

Accidents are commonly repeating

Lower level of control measures are commonly

Ensuring safety needs common sense

Catalyst for improving industrys

Signify policy shift self-regulated,

Diversity of the industry

Construction of buildings and

146 159 140

Construction All Industries

stage and multiple

Changing the working culture of

Primary responsibility lies with

DOSH should influence &

Managing OSH at planning and

Provide practical guidance to the

OSH is shared responsibilities &

Those who can influence OSH during

OSH should be treated as an essential, but

Across US, 42% of construction fatalities were

A 1991 study done in Europe found that 60% of

63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed

the right information

for the right people

at the right time

The client initially appointed a building designer for the

The client then appointed a bridge designer to design

A client awarded a contract to a principal

While it was unknown during the tender stage, it

With this new information, the principal contractor

Hence, the client should provide the principal

Ensure persons who are

Not accept in appointment

less hazardous Hazard

Monitoring and supervision

Avoid risk where possible;

evaluate those risks that cannot

put in place proportionate

The study compared the cost and risk of installing parapet

Information Instruction Training Supervision

Required level will depend on the risks involved in the

PRE- CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND

Information Instruction Training Supervision

Workers are provided with information and instruction that include:

Information Instruction Training Supervision

Establishing training needs to workers:

As a general rule, if the person being assessed demonstrates the

Information Instruction Training Supervision

Appropriate supervision must be provided.

to ensure safety and health

to make sure everyone understands the risks and the

among sub-contractors who start at different stages

with designers and contractors, who may affect design,

during which indentified foreseeable design risk, if not

is typically conducted during pre-construction phase, but

looks at design risks which begins on the drawing board,

During the review, one of the items discussed was

which would get wet and slippery during washing

Installation of the tiles in these areas would