DIGITAL GRAPHICS Charley Longden

PIXELS
A Pixel, short for pixel element, is what every digital photo is made
up from. Usually square or round, they are usually on a 2D grid.
Every pixel is actually a very tiny square that is given a colour, then
sorted together to make the picture itself, when you go closer into
an image, you can start to see each singular pixel. Each individual
pixel in an image can be changed and edited to create different
images. The amount of pixels on a picture is called, image
resolution the more pixels there are, the more detailed the
picture will be. The number of pixels stacked above any tone is the
pixel intensity. In digital imaging the picture element is an
actual point in a raster image. Pixels can be formed into different
colours to produce an image. The specific colour that a pixel
creates is a mixture of three components of the colour spectrum,
Red, Green and Blue. Anything less than three bites of data can be
allocated for specifying a pixels colour, one byte for every colour
 RASTER IMAGES
Raster graphics are digital captures made as a group of samples in one space.
The raster Images are displayed on coordinates in a x and y axes. When storing
data, the blocks are compressed, this is data compression. Data compression
can be lossy or lossless. Lossless compression means that the cells in the
raster can not get lost. The file extension TIFF stands for tagged image file
format, it is a computer programme for storing raster images. GIF is a bitmap
image format which means Graphics Interchange Format. JPEG is an often used
method of lossy compression for images, it stands for joint photographic experts
group. A layered image file in Photoshop is a PSD, it means photoshop
document. In animation, the phrase raster graphics refers to animation frames
created from pixels rather then scalable components. Bitmap, or raster, images
are stored as a series of tiny dots called pixels. It is possible to edit each
individual pixel, since the computer has to store information about every pixel in
the image, the file size of a raster graphic is usually quite large.
 VECTOR IMAGES
Vector graphics are created in graphic packages, they are made up
of shapes, these shapes are named objects. You can re create
each objects individually, changing the size, the shape and the
colour. Vector graphics are scalable which means that when you
edit them, they don't lose any visual quality. Vector images can
be created from paths which use points, curves, polygons and
file extensions, which are used to make simple images or
complicated ones. EPS, which means Encapsulated Postscript,
is a file extension for a graphics file format. Vector animation is a
phrase used to refer to animation which is controlled by vectors
rather then pixels, these animations offer a nicer and much
smoother animation this is because images are displayed and
resized using mathematical values. Vector art is created using
vector illustration programmes like Corel draw or Adobe illustrator,
this art is clean and camera ready because they use mathematical
BIT DEPTH
Bit depth is the amount of bits of information per sample, the
more bits there are the more accurate the result from the data
being processed. An image is made up from pixels, and a single
pixel has multiple bits to create that one pixel. In a black and white
image, it is believed that there are 8 bits per pixel. However in a
picture with colour there are 24 bits per pixel. In an image with
8 bits per pixel there are 256 colours available, and in an image
with 16 bits per pixel, there are 65536 colours available the more
bits per pixel there are, the greater the number of colours
available. Bit monochrome is also referred to as a binary
image, where two colours represent every pixel, these colours are
usually black or white. High Colour graphics is a method which
involves image information being stored away so that each pixel is
represented by two bytes. Bit depth is either the amount of bits
used to indicate the colour of one single pixel, in a bitmapped
COLOUR SPACE
Colour space is a method for people to realise the colour of a
particular digital device. A greyscale digital picture is where
the value of every pixel is a single sample. RGB is a kind of colour
space which used red, green and blue to make colour model. A
device colour space simply describes the length of colours that a
camera can capture. CMYK is a colour model based on subtracting
light, it stands for cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black inks).
Adobe RGB, made in 1988, colour space is an RGB colour space
made and developed by the software, adobe systems.
Photographers like to use sRGB because it gives better results and
uses brighter colours, whereas Adobe RGB is irrelevant for real
photographers because the colours do not match between the
computer and the colours on print, this is a major problem for
photographers and the quality of there images.
 IMAGE CAPTURE
The process of obtaining digital image from a vision sensor, like a camera.
A scanner is a device that scans text, images, and object, or
handwriting. It then re-creates it into a digital image. A digital camera is
a camera that takes pictures or videos by recording images using an
electronic image sensor. A lot of cameras are digital these days, digital
cameras are simple to use and help people with barely any knowledge with
cameras take photos easily, they can also send those images to there
laptops of phones. The amount of detail in a picture from a camera is called
the camera resolution, resolution is measured in megapixels. File size is
the amount of bytes, bits and pixels in the file. Asset management
maintains and monitors anything with value to your company, this is for
extra protection therefore it is harder to lose any work in your company.
Over the last twenty years the change in technology has changed how we
handle visual information, one of the reasons for this is because of digital
cameras. Digital cameras record images using a built in computer in the
 OPTIMISING
Image optimising is a form of lossy and lossless compression. The target destination
is the destination where you want your graphic to go on your network. Bit depth is
the volume of colour per pixel, reducing the bit depth would reduce the file size however
the quality of the image would decrease. The graphic resolution can optimize the
size of the file but optimize the detail of the image but not at the same time. Image
dimensions relate to the width and length of the image, by controlling the dimensions
of the graphic, you can then make the image larger or smaller depending on the location
or purpose of the image. The intended image output essentially provides the
guidelines on how to make your graphics. The images you are able to create in
photoshop and illustrator look amazing but the file sizes are often very large, optimizing
your images for the web means saving or compiling your images in a web friendly format
depending on what the image contains. In image optimisation the alt tag is probably the
most important factor, alt stands for alternate. The text in the alt tag is displayed in
place of the image if the image can not be shown or is taking too long to load. Most of
the major search engines are text based i.e. they can not read images or videos.
 EVIDENCE
https://forums.adobe.com/thread/675181
http://www.ultimate-photo-tips.com/what-is-a-pixel.html
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/raster-graphics
https://www.google.co.uk/search?biw=1024&bih=648&q=raster+images+compression&oq=
raster+images+com&gs_l
=psy-ab.1.1.0i22i30k1l4.6674.7660.0.9056.4.4.0.0.0.0.98.336.4.4.0....0...1.1.64.psy-ab..0.4.333...0.
f-LylbTIHe4

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/dida/graphics/bitmapvectorrev2.shtml
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/bit-depth
http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/photostudio-darkroom/what-is-color-space.html
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cameras-photography/digital/digital-camera3.htm