Educational

Institutions
Analysis
Bree Pierce
Soc 001
Education System History cont.
1647- General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony declares every town with 50 families should have an elementary school within the
town.
1785- Continental Congress pass this law that becomes the Land-Grant University allowing public universities to exist today.
1817- establishing a system of free public primary schools
1820- first public high school in the US Open
1827-Massachusetts passes law making all grades of public school open to students free of charge
1852, Massachusetts passed the first law requiring parents to send their children to a public school for at least 12 weeks.
1896- Plessy versus Ferguson separate but equal
1917- Smith Hughes Act provides Federal funding for vocational education
1945-GI Bill of Rights gives thousands of working-class men college scholarships for first time in US history
1948- educational testing services is formed
1954- Brown versus the Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court agrees segregated schools are inherently unequal and should be
abolished.
1974- Milliken vs Bradley schools may not be the segregated across school districts. legally segregate students of color in inner-city
districts from White students in Suburban districts
70s- Taxpayers revolt freeze property taxes in California resulting in California dropping it 1st to 43rd in nation spending per student
1980s- Proposition 187 in California undocumented immigrants children are legal to attend public school
1996- proposition 209 in california Outlaws of employment, Public contracting, and public education.
1998- June 1998 ballot outlawing bilingual education
Historical Timeline of Public Education in the US April 13th, 2016
The Education System History

Throughout the timeline of education America has faced

many challenges equalizing the education for students
within the system.

From Segregation of education dependent on race,

discrimination of education, of class, and ethnicity
educational opportunities prove to be incredibly skewed.
Conflict View
View
Education created divide and Society through
classification of educational values.
Education creates the basis to create levels
of power between the educated versus
uneducated and wealthy versus the poor.
Through exercise of social control, students
teach students various skills essential to
Future positions in society. Thus creating
obedient members of society.
Education further solidifies the class
discrepancy by quality of primary schools
that transition into pursuing higher
education.
v.s Functionalist
Education allows students to form
friendships and groups and a sense of unity
preparing students for the future.
Provides common ground for members of
society uniting them through a singular
experience
School helps us internalized normative
expectations such as matters, punctuality,
creativity, discipline, and responsibilities.
Education helps promote a common language
for society to communicate.
Education prepares individuals to pursue
majors that allow them to be employed in
specific careers society needs to function
smoothly
Current Perception of Education
Americans with college degrees
are significantly more likely to
respond saying education is
very important compared to
Americans who do not have a
degree

18 to 29 year-old Americans
believe education is more
important than those who are 65
and older 74% vs 67%

women are more likely than men

Gallup Poll 2013
to value a college degree
According to Gallup news Americans Still See College
Education as Very Important published on December 17,
2013 by Frank Newport:
Educational Institution Changes
The institution is constantly changing due to
different bills and legislations that are passed
Societal expectations of education has
increased over the years
The sons and daughters of college-educated parents are
more than twice as likely to go to college as the children of
high school graduates and seven times as likely as those of
high school dropouts. New York Times Education Gap Between Rich and
Poor Is Growing Wider September 22, 2015

90% of Individuals born in 1981-1997 who

graduated high school attend college within
eight years.

From 2000 to 2015 University enrollment from

age 18 to 24 rose by 5.5%
What Has Caused Institutional Change?
Career opportunities are becoming more limited for individuals without a college
degree.

Salary Dependent on Educational Level:

Credentialism due to the overflow of diplomas and degrees further demanding
students to pursue higher education raising the bar for employers Less than high school diploma: $26,636
high school diploma: $35,256
some college no degree: $38376
associate's degree: $41,196
College is more expected in our society than ever with men earning less than they bachelor's degree: $59,124
would earn with only a highschool diploma 35 years ago. master's degree: $ 69,732
professional degree: $ 89,960
Doctorate: $ 84,396
Smartasset The Average Salary by Education Level
March 1, 2017 Amelia Josephon
A study from careerbuilder reveals: 61% of hiring managers increased educational
requirements for positions because skills for positions have evolved to require higher
education obtaining workers.

Business News Daily, Hit the Books: Employers Increasing Educational Requirements published March 19, 2017
Chad Brooks
What Has Changed Cont.
Predictability of Higher Education
Institutional changes regarding higher education is mostly dependent on economic background. It is a factor that is always
changing in education as well as has never changed in education.

Youth from low socioeconomic status do poorly in school on average 20 percent increase in per-pupil spending
they perform Less on standardized testing and are less likely to a year for poor children can lead to an
graduating high school and complete College. additional year of completed education, 25
percent higher earnings, and a 20-
Meritocracy is a large factor of the cases where individuals close the percentage point reduction in the
economic gap through education. Meritocracy is defined as rewards incidence of poverty in adulthood,
gained is proportional to amount of effort put in. this aligns very closely according to a paper from the National
with the American Dream ideal within American Society Bureau of Economic Research.
The Atlantic Good School, Rich School; Bad School, Poor
School August 25, 2016 Alana Semuels
National Center For Education Statistics: Graphic: Daria Cameron and Laura Stanton the Washington Post Published October 20, 2014
Features That Have Not Changed
Higher education is far more difficult to obtain to individuals who
are in low income areas.
Educational disparity begins as young as kindergarten aged
students. Children whose parents are professionals here 2,153
words per hour compared to 1,051 for working-class kids, and
606 were children and families receiving welfare assistance. By
the age of 3 children from professional families have a
vocabulary of 1,116 word compared to 749 in working class, and
525 and Welfare receiving families (Hart and Risley 1995)
This is because public education is funded by real estate taxes
thus more expensive and affluent neighborhoods have more
money going to their public schools and educational quality.
The children of less educated parents
suffer higher obesity rates, have more
social and emotional problems and are
more likely to report poor or fair health.
And because they are much poorer, they
are less likely to afford private preschool
or the many enrichment opportunities
extra lessons, tutors, music and art, elite
sports teams that richer, better-
educated parents lavish on their
children.
New York Times Education Gap Between Rich and
Poor Is Growing Wider September 22, 2015
College Board 2013
Participants in the Educational Institution
Cities: The initial fundings of public schools to create an educational foundation to achieve higher education in universities.

Teachers: The individuals who are entrusted to educate students and instil the formal education as well as assist in the hidden
curriculum education of a student. These teachers are dependent on the income of the district they teach with poverty level
district's teacher turnover rate much higher than high income areas.

Parents: The parents economic and educational background highly predicts the childs educational achievements. The higher the
parents education level the higher the income and thus the more likely the child is to achieve higher education.

Goverment: The goverment can assist those in low income households and offer various financial aid to achieve higher education
that may be out of their financial means as well as they regulate the taxes on real estate that dictates the emount of money into
public school funding.
Who Does Higher Education Cater To?
Higher education ultimately is more catered to white high income families. Various studies have shown that this specific
demographic achieves higher education over any other demographic.

The Educational system greatly favors those who:

-Live in high income neighborhoods and districts to better fund local schools

-Have parents whove achieved higher education and are working professionals

To instill educational importance and expectancies upon a child

-Who have income to afford extra curriculars and supplemental classes

Educational Opportunity
Education as an institution at the core is a wonderful opportunity to enlighten individuals and
progress society. It has allowed culture to be passed down to the generations as well as
understanding of societal norms and social intelligence. Education has furthered our
understanding of the world and technology to preserve the earth we live in. However these
opportunities are not as easily accessible to some individuals.

Considerations to equalize the opportunity to gain higher education could include:

Scholarships that are available to universities

Affirmative Action that helps increase proportion of minority groups in universities
Retention Programs to assist minority groups
Outreach programs to better educate students on how to apply to universities
Works Cited
Begar, Noah. Are Too Many Students Going to College? Chronicle.com, 8 Nov. 2009, www.chronicle.com/article/Are-Too-Many-Students-Going-to/49039.

Brooks, Business News Daily Senior Writer, Chad. Hit the Books: Employers Increasing Educational Requirements. Business News Daily, 19 Mar. 2017, www.businessnewsdaily.com/7103-no-degree-no-

job.html.

Gallup, Inc. Americans Still See College Education as Very Important. Gallup.com, 17 Dec. 2013, news.gallup.com/poll/166490/americans-college-education-important.aspx.

Historical Timeline of Public Education in the US. Race Forward, 8 Oct. 2015, www.raceforward.org/research/reports/historical-timeline-public-education-us.

Josephson, Amelia. The Average Salary by Education Level. SmartAsset, 1 Mar. 2017, smartasset.com/retirement/the-average-salary-by-education-level.

Leal, Fermin. More Students Are College Ready but Crowded Campuses Make It Harder to Get into CSU. EdSource, 12 Dec. 2015, edsource.org/2015/csu-students-access-nursing-college-ready-but-they-

face-more-hurdles-getting-into-csu-campuses-and-majors/92068.

The NCES Fast Facts Tool Provides Quick Answers to Many Education Questions (National Center for Education Statistics). National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, a Part of the U.S.

Department of Education, 1 Apr. 15ADAD, nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372.

Semuels, Alana. Good School, Rich School; Bad School, Poor School. The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 25 Aug. 2016, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/08/property-taxes-and-unequal-

schools/497333/.

Simmons, Mike. 35 Graphs That Will Change the Way You Look at Higher Education. ECollegeFinder, 25 Feb. 2015, www.ecollegefinder.org/2015/02/25/35-graphs-will-change-way-look-higher-education/.

Strauss, Valerie. Why We Need Vocational Education. The Washington Post, WP Company, 5 June 2012, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/why-we-need-vocational-

education/2012/06/04/gJQA8jHbEV_blog.html?utm_term=.fcc3b6effc4c%2Be.