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93 Dislipidemii 20
93 Dislipidemii 20
Definiie
Totalitatea tulburrilor cantitative i calitative
ale lipidelor plasmatice (C, TG, HDLc)
Prevalena >30%
Factor major de risc pentru ATS
Normalul lipidic: CT <200 mg%
TG <150 mg%
HDLc 40-45 mg%
45-50 mg%
Clase ale lipoproteinelor
Forme circulante ale lipidelor
Chilomicroni
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
Lp (a)
Structura lipoproteinelor
Apolipoprotein
Strat unic
de FL i CL
Core: CE i TG
Clasificarea lipoproteinelor
Clasa Coninut lipidic (%)*
TG C FL
Chilomicroni 80-95 2-7 3-9
VLDL 55-80 5-15 10-20
IDL 20-50 20-40 15-25
LDL 5-15 40-50 20-25
HDL 5-10 15-25 20-30
Lp(a) 5-15 40-50 20-25
*=diferena pn la 100% este reprezentat de Apo
Metabolismul lipoproteinelor
Alimente
TG AI, AII
IDL
Chilo CE
Apo TG HDL TG Apo
B48, CII, Receptori B100, CII,
CIII, E Colesterol LDL Receptori CIII, E
CE
CE LDL, LRP
TG LPL
Apo
LPL
B100, CII, AGL
AGL CIII, E CE
VLDL
Receptori LDL
TG TG
Apo i LRP
B48, CII,
CIII, E CE
Remn
AGL AGL
Hipercolesterolemii (HC)
Genetice (primare, familiale) Secundare
HC familial Hipotiroidism
HC prin deficit de apoB100 Sindrom nefrotic
HC poligenic Colestaz
Hipertrigliceridemii (HTG
Genetice (primare, familiale) Secundare
Hipertrigliceridemii
de grani: 150-199 mg%
moderate: 200-399 mg%
severe: 400 mg%
Hiperlipidemii mixte
C TG
moderate: 200-299 mg% 200-400 mg%
severe: 300 mg% 400 mg%
Diagnostic
1. Tablou clinic
4. Calcularea LDLc
Xantelasm
Arc cornean
Arc cornean + xantelasm palpebral
Xantoame tuberoase
Xantoame tendinoase
Xantoame tendinoase
Xantoame eruptive
Lipemia retinalis
2. Aspectul serului
sau plasmei
Tub 1: plasm normal
Tub 2: HTG
Tub 3: plasma cu exces de VLDL
i chilomicroni (inel cremos la
suprafa)
3. Dozarea lipidelor
Tg <400 mg%
LDLc = C- HDLc- Tg/5 (mg%)
LDLc = C- HDLc- Tg/2.2 (mmol/l)
Tg >400 mg%
Non-HDLc = C-HDLc
5. Alte metode
(folosite rar n practic)
electroforez
ultracentrifugare
dozarea apoproteinelor
Riscul coronarian
Dieta
Medicaia hipolipemiant
1. Fibrai
2. Statine ( ezetimide)
3. Alte (rini chelatoare de acizi biliari, acid nicotinic)
Dieta
Nutrient Treapta 1 Treapta 2
Grsimi
<10% din calorii <7% din calorii
saturate
Proteine 10-20% din calorii 10-20% din calorii
Doza (mg/zi)
atorvastatin (Sortis, cp 10 mg, 20 mg) 10-80
simvastatin (Zocor, cp 10 mg, 20 mg) 10-40
pravastatin (Elisor, cp 10 mg, 20 mg) 10-40
lovastatin (Mevacor, cp 20 mg) 20-80
fluvastatin (Lescol, caps 20 mg, 40 mg) 20-80
rosuvastatin (Crestor cp 5 mg, 10 mg, 10-40
20 mg, 40 mg)
Locul de aciune a statinelor
Acetat Statine
HMG-CoA
HMG-CoA-reductaza
Acid mevalonic
Colesterol
Fibrai
Doza (mg/zi)
TG >150 mg%
TA 130/ 85 mmHg