River Training

Works
By: Alfaro, Cristina Marie P.
 Objectives:
The River Training works aims to fulfil the following objectives;
a.) Protection of bed and banks of river from erosion.
b.) Directing the river flow in desired direction.
c.) Maintenance of river channel for navigation.
d.) Reclamation of submersible land.
e.) Protection of surrounding land from flooding.
f.) Protection of important hydraulic structures.

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 What is River Training Works?

The structure constructed for the purpose of guiding and taming the flow are
called river training works.

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 Common types of River Training Works
Embankments
Guide banks or Bells bunds
Spurs
Permeable spurs
Impermeable spurs
Repelling or deflecting spurs
Attracting spurs
Neutral or Sedimenting spurs

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 Embankments
The floods may be prevented from submerging the country by constructing
earth embankments. They are generally constructed up to a height of 12 m.
They are designed and constructed in the same way as an earth dam. The
embankments are generally constructed parallel to the river channel.

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 Guide banks or Bells bunds
The works required in the river to guide the passage of river water through
weir or barrages are called guide banks.
The guide banks consist of two heavily built set of embankments with heavily
protected curved ends in the shape of bell mouth.

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 Spurs
Spurs are heavily fortified embankments constructed in the river bed
transverse to the river banks. Their main function is to control the river
channel so that it may run along a specified course and protect the river banks
from scouring by keeping the river course away from it.
Spurs may be aligned in such a way that they may hold, repel or attract a river
course.

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 Types of Spurs
Permeable spurs
Permeable spurs are constructed by driving wooden bullies or bamboos, filled in with brush
wood, with sarkanda mattresses or other suitable material. These are helpful in causing quick
siltation due to damping of velocity. They are useful when concentration of suspended sediment
load is heavy as they allow the water to pass through them easily.
Impermeable spurs
Impermeable spurs are made of solid core, constructed of stones or earth and stones with
exposed faces protected by pitching. These spurs can withstand severe attacks as compared to
the permeable spurs.

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Classification of Spurs
Repelling or deflecting spurs are those which incline upstream at an angle of 60 to 70 to the
river course and deflect the current towards the opposite bank. They cause silting in still water
on the upstream pocket.
Attracting spurs incline downstream and allow deep channel flow continuously along their
noses. They cause scour just on the downstream side of the head due to turbulence. The river
flow is attracted towards the spur.
Neutral or Sedimenting spurs are those which are built at right angles to the bank to keep the
stream in a particular position and promote silting between the spurs. They have practically no
effect on the diversion of the current and are mostly used for training of rivers for navigational
purposes.

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