TRAINING WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

For Generating Electricity We Require;
Coil.
Magnet.
Relative motion between the two.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
S
NS
N
SN
S
NS
N
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

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Alternator Basic Theory
Other way to have relative motion is by
rotation of magnet.

S
N
S
N N
S

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Alternator Basic Theory
Bicycle Dynamo
Simplest & most basic form of alternator is
bicycle dynamo. Principle
Rotor is a Two Pole Permanent Magnet.
Voltage Speed.
Voltage Strength of the magnet. (Can not
be adjusted).

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Alternator Basic Theory
Brush System
Permanent magnet used earlier can be
replaced by an electromagnet. Principle
Output voltage can be atjusted at the same
speed by changing DC supply.
Disadvantages
Two Carbon brushes are required to be
used.

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Alternator Basic Theory
Brushless Separate excitation System
In order to avoid use of brushes we have to
use a small alternator named Exciter. Principle
Main Field, Rotating Rectifiers & Exciter
Armature are mounted on the same shaft.
Excitation supply comes from battery to
exciter field instead of main field.
In this case the DC power required for
excitation is much lesser.
Disadvantages
This is an open loop system & input to
exciter does not vary for variation in output
voltage.
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Alternator Basic Theory
Self Excited & Regulated Shunt System
In order to give correction in the exciter input
according to the voltage output we have to use
AVR. Principle
Different Types of AVRs are being used in DG
sets. The one that is being used currently is
Basler

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Short Circuit Main Surge Rotating

Main Field Supressor Rectifiers
Armature Back Up CTs

Rotor

AVR
Exciter
Exciter
Armature
Field

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Booster
Unit

AVR

End

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Alternator Basic Theory

Main
Field

AC 9
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Back
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Alternator Separate Excitation
Brush System

Main Slip
Field Rings
N

AC
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DC Back
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Alternator Separate Excitation
Brushless System
Rotating
Rectifiers Exciter
Main
N Field

AC 11
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Alternator Self Excitation
Brushless SystemRotating Exciter
Rectifiers
Main
N Field

AC
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DC Back
 TRAINING WIN-S
Phase Terminals

Neutral TerminalsSCM CTS

AC 13
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