Kuliah Geologi laut 1-B

Sedimen

1. Pelagic sedimen ialah sedimen yang diendapkan di dasar laut dimana

sumbernya berasal dari lautan

2. Terrigenous sedimen adalah sedimen yang diendapkan didasar laut

dimana sumbernya berasal dari daratan (continen)

3. Hemipelagic sedimen adalah sedimen yang diendapkan di dasar laut

dimana sumbernya berasal dari daratan dan lautan.
Multi Channel Seismic Reflection, Gravity, Magnetic, and Multibeam

Gravity, Magnetic, and Multibeam

SO98-27
Tectonic Evolution of the Celebes Sea

Eocene Middle Miocene Reconstruction

About 87.7 m unit IV composed mainly of

Dark grayish brown to reddish brown clayston
including volcanic Indicating an open oceanic
environment
(Rangin, Silver, von Breymann et al., 1990)
Isopach map of sediment unit IIIC and IV (contour interval in second)
Grey shadows are topographic high of the oceanic basement
Oligocene Reconstruction

Spreading of the South China Sea

Started at 32 m.y (Taylor & Hayes, 1983,
Holloway, 1982)
 Middle Miocene Late Miocene Reconstruction

Satyana et al., 1999

- South China Sea was still spreading,
- In the North Borneo, extended South China margin thrusted
beneath Borneo
- In early Miocene central Borneo was eroded shed
sediment into the Kutai, Tarakan and Sandakan basin
- In Tarakan basin progradation of deltaic environment was
deposited during Eocene Late Miocene Satyana et al., 1999
New Isopach map of Unit IIIB (middle Miocene turbidite)
in seconds (TWT)
 Subunit IIIA consists of Hemipelagic claystone
Interbedded claystone/silty claystone turbidite and
Minor carbonate claystone

Rate of accumulation of unit IIIA about

33 m/m.y.

Sediment unit IIIA continue deposited up to late Miocene, probably same source envi
ment as sub unit IIIB (major delta complex)
Late Miocene-Holocene Reconstruction

Nichols et al., 1999

During late Miocene to Holocene was dominantly by the terrigenous turbidite and
Hemipelagic sediment.
Within sediment unit II, hemipelagic sediment gradually coarsens upward to clayey si
Silt size consisting of volcanic ash.
Subunit I mostly contain volcanogenic clayey. Most of volcanogenic materials dep
sited during late Miocene to Holocene were deposited from volcanic arc around
Celebes Sea (e.g. Sulu ridge, Mindanao, Sangihe, and North Sulawesi arc)

Sediment accumulation rate of subunit IIIA, II, and I range from 33 60 m/m.y.
Sea Level Change
1. Global Warming (Es di Kutub mencair)
2. Subside & Accretion of the Basin
(Penurunan atau naiknya dasar Samudera )
3. Weighting of the Earths crust by local ice sheet

Is the sea level changing,

or is it the land that is moving?