SPECIES DIVERSITY, RICHNESS, AND DISTRIBUTION

PATTERN OF GASTROPODS IN SELECTED BARANGAY

OF BALER, AURORA, PHILIPPINES.
Khylla Mheryl Y. Caballes1, Mariellyn N. Aragon1, Vhonn Xendrix T. Kuizon1, John Brian V. Tangson1, Enrique
A. Sarmiento III1, Dwight Felix F. Cruz, Edlyn E. Pooten2

1,2 Aurora National Science High School, Buhangin, Baler, Aurora 3200

ABSTRACT

The diversity and richness of macro-benthic organisms in the rocky intertidal zones of Brgy. Diarabasin and Brgy. Dibutunan is the main
focus of the study. A line of 25m was created on the shore which was placed randomly and was parallel to the sea. On the line, 5 transect
lines were created with gaps of 5m each and within every transect line were 10 quadrats. A total of 1424 macro-benthic organisms were
recorded and the most abundant of these organisms was the brittle stars with a sample population of 1132. Other organisms like sea snails,
lobsters, crabs, a sea slug, a sea anemone, and an unknown organism were observed on the two sites. Using the Shannon-Wiener Index of
Diversity (H) and the Margalefs Richness Index, the researchers were able to get results 1.608528 for Brgy. Diarabasin and a score of is
1.455914 for Brgy. Dibutunan on the Wiener Index of Diversity which indicated that both areas had moderate pollution and score of only
0.072507 for Brgy. Diarabasin and 0.089665 for Brgy. Dibutunan which is averaging at only 1.580202 in diversity index and 0.079904 in
richness index which showed that there was a low diversity of macro-benthic organisms in the two barangays. The researchers therefore
conclude that there is a low level of diversity and richness for both barangays and a factor to this may be the pollution to the area.

INTRODUCTION RESULTS
Table 1. nhibitory concentration (IC50) of selected ethnobotanical ethanolic extract against colon

Through the years, increasing cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality

cancer cell line (HT-29)

rates have been a significant health threat worldwide. With this increasing trend SCIENTIFIC NAME IC50* VALUE
(g/mL)
REMARKS

and threat, search for novel compounds has been the focus of more researches to
discover species with pharmacological potential. In the Philippines, numerous plant
ZEOCIN 6.56 Highly toxic

species are used by indigenous populations for the purpose of self-care which are Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) 2.51 Highly toxic

collectively known as ethnobotanicals. These ethnobotanicals present vast potential Derris elliptica (Benth) 2.70 Highly toxic

for the detection of untapped molecules with pharmacological activity. Existing Oreonicde trinervis (Wedd.) Miq.
2.92 Highly toxic
researches on ethnobotanicals have revealed that hundreds of local species of flora Lop-lopiit
are used traditionally to remedy numerous conditions . 3.04 Highly toxic

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

3.11 Highly toxic

Cestrum nocturnum L. 3.34 Highly toxic

Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai 3.57 Highly toxic

Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl.) R.M.

Figure 2. Dose-response curves showing (A) inhibitory and (B)
METHODOLOGY
Highly toxic
4.22 cytotoxicity activity of (a) B. pilosa (b) C. nocturnum (c) S.
Bidens pilosa L. 5.3 Highly toxic
glabra (d) O. trinervis (e) P. pentandrum (f) Lop-lopiit (g) D.
elliptica (h) A. scholaris (i) A. adenophora (j) A. triplinervis
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng) and (k) Zeocin on colon cancer (HT-29). Each line shows the
Ethanol Extraction
5.97 Highly toxic
effect of the extracts against the cancer cell line.
*Remarks was based on the American National Cancer Institute assigned IC50 value of 30g/mL

Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of selected ethnobotanical extract against

colon cancer (HT-29) are shown in Figure 2. The dose response curve of
percentage viability and cytotoxicity of HT-29 cells (10000cells/well) treated with
various concentrations of ethnobotanical ethanolic extracts mostly follow the
typical sigmoidal curve. ). Figure 2A shows a tri-phasal response of colon cancer
cell line to log concentration of ethnobotanical extract. At 0 to 0.5 g/mL, viable
cells decreased ranging from 89 to 65 percent, while in the second phase, cell
viability decreased steeply from 65 to 40 percent at 0.5 g/mL to 1.0 g/mL,
viable cells were reduced 25 percent. In the third phase, viable cells declined
ranging from 39 to 27 percent at 1.0 g/mL to 2 g/mL of tested extract. Figure
2B shows a plot of selected ethanolic ethnobotanical extract agonist against
colon cancer (HT-29) cell All selected ethnobotanical extracts showed high
potency and produced maximum response against colon cancer cell (HT-29).
Inhibitory concentration of ethanobotanical extracts against colon cancer cell
5 Culture of Cell (Table 1) shows that all plant extracts exhibited high toxicity against the tested
Lines Absorbance cancer with the IC values lower than standard values of 30.0 g/mL. All
readings ethanolic extracts exhibited higher inhibitory value to colon cancer than zeocin.

CONCLUSION
Ethanolic extracts of P. pentandrum, D. elliptica, O. trinervis, Lop-lopiit, A.
Scholaris, C. nocturnum, S. glabra, A. triplinervis, B pilosa, and A. adenophora
exhibit the most anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects in colon cancer cell (HT-
29). Ethnanol extracts of selected ethnobotanicals from Imugan, Sta. Fe, Nueva
Vizcaya have anticancer activities against colon cancer (HT 29). These plant
extracts therefore be further be tapped for discovery and development of
anticancer drugs.
Inhibitory
Concentration REFERENCES
Analysis ABE, R. and K. OHTANI. 2013. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal
plants and traditional therapies on Batan Island, the Philippines. Journal
Cell Viability Assay Ethnopharmacology, 145(2): 554-65.
DE LOS REYES, M.M., G.G. OYONG, V.D. EBAJO JR., V.A.S. NG, C.C. SHEN and
C.Y. RAGASA. 2015. Cytotoxic triterpenes and sterols from Pipturus arborescens
(Link). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(11): 023-030.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to express their sincerest gratitude to the Department of Biological
Science and the DLSU-Manila Molecular Biology Unit/STRC for the use of the laboratory.
 SPECIES DIVERSITY, RICHNESS, AND DISTRIBUTION
PATTERN OF GASTROPODS IN SELECTED BARANGAY
OF BALER, AURORA, PHILIPPINES.
Neil Alden A. Belen1, Anna Patricia A. Nabutel1, Maidene Praise G. Obedoza1, Bhong Carlo D. Sarina1, Jhun
Bran B. Viaje1, Edlyn E. Pooten2
1,2 Aurora National Science High School, Buhangin, Baler, Aurora 3200

ABSTRACT

The diversity and richness of macro-benthic organisms in the rocky intertidal zones of Brgy. Diarabasin and Brgy. Dibutunan is the main
focus of the study. A line of 25m was created on the shore which was placed randomly and was parallel to the sea. On the line, 5 transect
lines were created with gaps of 5m each and within every transect line were 10 quadrats. A total of 1424 macro-benthic organisms were
recorded and the most abundant of these organisms was the brittle stars with a sample population of 1132. Other organisms like sea snails,
lobsters, crabs, a sea slug, a sea anemone, and an unknown organism were observed on the two sites. Using the Shannon-Wiener Index of
Diversity (H) and the Margalefs Richness Index, the researchers were able to get results 1.608528 for Brgy. Diarabasin and a score of is
1.455914 for Brgy. Dibutunan on the Wiener Index of Diversity which indicated that both areas had moderate pollution and score of only
0.072507 for Brgy. Diarabasin and 0.089665 for Brgy. Dibutunan which is averaging at only 1.580202 in diversity index and 0.079904 in
richness index which showed that there was a low diversity of macro-benthic organisms in the two barangays. The researchers therefore
conclude that there is a low level of diversity and richness for both barangays and a factor to this may be the pollution to the area.

INTRODUCTION RESULTS
Table 1. nhibitory concentration (IC50) of selected ethnobotanical ethanolic extract against colon

Through the years, increasing cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality

cancer cell line (HT-29)

rates have been a significant health threat worldwide. With this increasing trend SCIENTIFIC NAME IC50* VALUE
(g/mL)
REMARKS

and threat, search for novel compounds has been the focus of more researches to
discover species with pharmacological potential. In the Philippines, numerous plant
ZEOCIN 6.56 Highly toxic

species are used by indigenous populations for the purpose of self-care which are Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) 2.51 Highly toxic

collectively known as ethnobotanicals. These ethnobotanicals present vast potential Derris elliptica (Benth) 2.70 Highly toxic

for the detection of untapped molecules with pharmacological activity. Existing Oreonicde trinervis (Wedd.) Miq.
2.92 Highly toxic
researches on ethnobotanicals have revealed that hundreds of local species of flora Lop-lopiit
are used traditionally to remedy numerous conditions . 3.04 Highly toxic

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

3.11 Highly toxic

Cestrum nocturnum L. 3.34 Highly toxic

Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai 3.57 Highly toxic

Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl.) R.M.

Figure 2. Dose-response curves showing (A) inhibitory and (B)
METHODOLOGY
Highly toxic
4.22 cytotoxicity activity of (a) B. pilosa (b) C. nocturnum (c) S.
Bidens pilosa L. 5.3 Highly toxic
glabra (d) O. trinervis (e) P. pentandrum (f) Lop-lopiit (g) D.
elliptica (h) A. scholaris (i) A. adenophora (j) A. triplinervis
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng) and (k) Zeocin on colon cancer (HT-29). Each line shows the
Ethanol Extraction
5.97 Highly toxic
effect of the extracts against the cancer cell line.
*Remarks was based on the American National Cancer Institute assigned IC50 value of 30g/mL

Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of selected ethnobotanical extract against

colon cancer (HT-29) are shown in Figure 2. The dose response curve of
percentage viability and cytotoxicity of HT-29 cells (10000cells/well) treated with
various concentrations of ethnobotanical ethanolic extracts mostly follow the
typical sigmoidal curve. ). Figure 2A shows a tri-phasal response of colon cancer
cell line to log concentration of ethnobotanical extract. At 0 to 0.5 g/mL, viable
cells decreased ranging from 89 to 65 percent, while in the second phase, cell
viability decreased steeply from 65 to 40 percent at 0.5 g/mL to 1.0 g/mL,
viable cells were reduced 25 percent. In the third phase, viable cells declined
ranging from 39 to 27 percent at 1.0 g/mL to 2 g/mL of tested extract. Figure
2B shows a plot of selected ethanolic ethnobotanical extract agonist against
colon cancer (HT-29) cell All selected ethnobotanical extracts showed high
potency and produced maximum response against colon cancer cell (HT-29).
Inhibitory concentration of ethanobotanical extracts against colon cancer cell
5 Culture of Cell (Table 1) shows that all plant extracts exhibited high toxicity against the tested
Lines Absorbance cancer with the IC values lower than standard values of 30.0 g/mL. All
readings ethanolic extracts exhibited higher inhibitory value to colon cancer than zeocin.

CONCLUSION
Ethanolic extracts of P. pentandrum, D. elliptica, O. trinervis, Lop-lopiit, A.
Scholaris, C. nocturnum, S. glabra, A. triplinervis, B pilosa, and A. adenophora
exhibit the most anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects in colon cancer cell (HT-
29). Ethnanol extracts of selected ethnobotanicals from Imugan, Sta. Fe, Nueva
Vizcaya have anticancer activities against colon cancer (HT 29). These plant
extracts therefore be further be tapped for discovery and development of
anticancer drugs.
Inhibitory
Concentration REFERENCES
Analysis ABE, R. and K. OHTANI. 2013. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal
plants and traditional therapies on Batan Island, the Philippines. Journal
Cell Viability Assay Ethnopharmacology, 145(2): 554-65.
DE LOS REYES, M.M., G.G. OYONG, V.D. EBAJO JR., V.A.S. NG, C.C. SHEN and
C.Y. RAGASA. 2015. Cytotoxic triterpenes and sterols from Pipturus arborescens
(Link). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(11): 023-030.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to express their sincerest gratitude to the Department of Biological
Science and the DLSU-Manila Molecular Biology Unit/STRC for the use of the laboratory.