A STUDY OF MARINE BUNKERING POTENTIAL

WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON KOLKATA AND

HALDIA PORT

PRESENTED BY
DEBAJIT BHATTACHARJEE
GLOBSYN BUSINESS SCHOOL
KOLKATA
ENROLLMENT NO 010108077
AGENDA OF THE PRESENTATION
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN OIL CORPORATION
• OIL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
• OPERATING STRUCTURE OF IOCL
• WHAT IS BUNKERING
• WHAT IS BUNKER FUEL
• TYPES OF BUNKER FUEL
• 4P’S OF MARKETING RELATED TO MARINE BUNKERING
• MARINE BUNKERING SALES ANALYSIS
• FINDINGS
• RECOMENDATION
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
•
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

• Bunkering business in India( Kolkata & Haldia port).



• The project helps to gain in-depth knowledge regarding

Kolkata and Haldia port.


• Detail data analysis comparison of Kolkata & Haldia port with

its competitor


• It provides the detail analysis of 4Ps related to marine

bunkering with reference to Indian Oil.(Product, Price,
Place and Promotion)

 Brief On Indian Oil Corporation
• India’s largest commercial enterprise with leading
market shares in downstream segment of Oil
business.
• Highest ranked Indian corporate in Fortune’s list of
World’s 500 largest companies(105th )
• 18th largest petroleum company in the world –
Fortune Global 500.
• India’s ‘No. 1 Corporate’ in annual listing of Business
Standard (BS 1000), Business India (BI Super 100)
and Economic Times (ET 500).
OIL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Oil Industry : INDIA

Overview of operating structure

INDIAN OIL DOWNSTREAM OPERATION

Shareholding Pattern Of IOCL
 WHAT IS BUNKERING


• Initially ships were driven by coal in the 19th century. That

coal was stored in bunker. Now coal is being replaced
by fuel oil & this fuel oil is stored in bunker . This
process of supplying this fuel oil to ship is known as
bunkering.
BUNKER FUEL
• Bunker fuel is a type of liquid fuel which is fractionally
distilled from crude oil.
• Bunker fuel is also known as fuel oil, and a number of
different classifications around the world are used to
describe fuel oil.
• These classifications break bunker fuel into different
categories based on its chemical composition, intended
purpose, and boiling temperature. In comparison with
other petroleum products, bunker fuel is extremely
crude and highly polluting.
•
•
DIFERENT TYPES OF BUNKER FUEL
 

 4Ps OF MARKETING
RELATED TO MARINE
BUNKERING

 PRODUCT

•
 1) HIGH FLASH HIGH SPEED DIESEL(HFHSD)
 HFHSD is designed for use in secondary engine
because their waiting time at Sand Head is very high
before entering to Port. The secondary engine is always
remain for power support like onboard air-
conditioning and allied work. It is highly refined to give
excellent performance with freedom from exhaust
smoke and minimum combustion chamber products. It
has the desired chemical stability and ignition quality
due to high cetane number and volatility. It is generally
used for high RPM engine like secondary engine of the
• Furnace Oil: It’s a dark viscous product used as a
fuel in industrial and marine boilers, furnace &
marine engine.


•
• Light Diesel Oil : it is a low viscosity fuel
recommended for slow speed engine operating
below 750 rpm used in agriculture, marine and
industrial sectors.

 PRICE

•
• Two type of pricing is generally used


 1. Bonded: bonded price is used for foreign vessel.

Here no government duty is applicable. Indian oil
supplies bonded product to those Ships which are
going outside India.


 2. Duty Paid: Duty Paid product is used for that vessel

that is moving within India

 Bunker Price compare - HFHSD Bunker Price Compare -FO 180cst
Port for compare – Haldia, Kolkata, Port for compare – Haldia, Kolkata,
Singapore &Fujairah
Singapore &Fujairah
 PLACE
• In this project special emphasize has given on
Kolkata and Haldia port. Different types of data
are Collected about Kolkata and Haldia port like


 1. bunker fuel sales from Kolkata & Haldia port

 2. Number of ships call, import & export in last 5
yrs, cargo Handling in last 20 years, container
handling& other data
 

BREAK-UP OF TRAFFIC


BREAK-UP OF TRAFFIC HANDLED AT HANDLED AT HDC

KDS 
 PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITY AT KOLKATA PORT

• Tariff flexibility
• Establishing barge based terminal from
Kolkata to Narayanganj, which will reduce
the transportation cost.
• Reducing barge delivery charges .
• Providing better service .
• Easy to get berth in the port.
• Berth charges are comparatively less than
other ports
Marine Sales Analysis
for the month of April
09-Mar 10 for Haldia
and Kolkata Port
Variation in Sales of Furnace Oil Duty Paid and
Bonded at Haldia and Kolkata Port:
 
Variation of sales analysis of bunker products
 Sales AnalysisinofKolkata
IFO 180cst 
and Haldia port
 Sales Analysis of HFHSD
 
MARINE SURVEY ANALYSIS
SAMPLE SIZE:36
Customers satisfaction regarding
quantity of the oil bunker fuel
 FINDINGS FROM THE PROJECT

•
• Absence of strict monitoring in supplied
quantity. Quantity mismatch between Indian
oil corporation(invoice) and ships
measurement(by sounding) specially at
Kolkata port.
• Price is not maintained at the international
level.
• Oil is not available in small quantity in
containers according to the demand of the
customers.
• Supervising operations are not prompt at
Kolkata and haldia port

 Limitations of the project
• Limited sample size
• Focused only at the Kolkata & Haldia port.
• Survey is done only at kolkata.
• Entry to certain department in government based
company was restricted by the authorities,
hence that also proved to be a limitation.
• Certain information was considered confidential
by the organization. So, unavailability of certain
necessary information was also a limitation
towards proper performance of the study



 RECOMENDATIONS
• Strict monitoring in supplied quantity to different
shipping companies.
• Keep the oil price at the international level.
• Maintenance of Machineries – The machineries
should be regularly maintained and the post
breakdown period should be handled in a prompt
manner.
• Dredging – Maintenance dredging should be done in
a more regular manner.
• Availability of Pilots & Tug ships – There is a
shortage of pilots as well as tug ships, so both these
factors should be addressed to facilitate smooth
movement of the vessels.



 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I express my sincere thanks to my respected
faculties Prof. Amitabha Ghosh and Prof.
Richa Shukla for guiding me right from the
inception till the successful completion of the
project.
 I am also grateful to Mr. Himanshu
Ranjan(Sr. Manager Marine,E.R. ,Kolkata)
who have helped me all throughout my
internship and also in preparing my project.
•
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 All the data collected for the purpose of the project are
primary and secondary data .
 Primary data are collected from different shipping
companies and secondary data have been collected from the
below mentioned websites.
 www.bunkerworld.com
 www.iocl.co.in
 www.singaporeport.com
 www.haldiaport.com
 www.fujairahport.com
•
•
•

 THANK YOU