TAGALOG

HISTORY
History
 Among the Southern Tagalog provinces are
Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Quezon, Aurora,
Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro,
Marinduque, Palawan and some towns of
Rizal province

 In Central Luzon, there are three provinces

where Tagalog is predominantly used and
these are the provinces of Nueva Ecija,
Bataan and Bulacan.
History
 Tagalog is derived from “Taga-ilog”, which
means “From the river”.
 Tagalog is an Austronesian language
belonging to the Malayo-Polynesian
subfamily.
 The official language of the Philippines is
Filipino, which is based on Tagalog.
 Tagalogs are the largest Filipino ethnic group
next to the Bisaya with a population of about
15,876,000
DIALECT
Dialect

 Ethnologue lists Lubang, Manila,

Marinduque, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan,
Tanay-Paete(Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas as
dialects of Tagalog, however, there appear
to be four main dialects:
 Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect)
 Central (including Manila)
 Southern (exemplified by Batangas)
 Marinduque
BELIEFS
Beliefs
 sometimes referred to as Anitism or less
accurately, using the general term "animism“

 PAG-AANITO – offering or act of worship

 ANITO
 have differing meanings
 has come to mean various figurines or
“idols” which represent Filipino deities
Beliefs
Beliefs
 BATHALA – the almighty or creator
 referred to as MAYLIKHA (creator / actor of
creation) and MAYKAPAL (lord or almighty / actor
of power)
 creator god was also called MALYARI or DIWATA

 “kapal” - mould something between the hands like

clay or wax
 ASWANG – a ghost; a malevolent spirit that
acts with capriciousness so people don’t even
try to assuage it.
Beliefs
 Babaylan – an intermediary with the spirit world; in
pre-Spanish society, this was often a woman, though
men were not uncommon

 Arbularyo – (from the Spanish herbolario) a person

skilled in combining herbs to cure illness and ward
off evil spirits

 Manananggal – the Filipino equivalent of a

beautiful vampire; a type of aswang; her upper
body detaches and flies off with large wings.
Beliefs
 USOG - a Filipino superstition that attributes an
illness to the greeting of a stranger
 It is believed that young children are susceptible to
usog
 If after encountering a stranger, a child develops a
fever, the stranger is sought out and asked to wipe his
or her saliva on the child’s forehead, chest or abdomen
 If the stranger senses this, the stranger will sometimes
say Pwera usog (excluding usog) meaning he/she
understands that the parents are worried of usog
Beliefs
 If a person bites his tongue, it means someone
is thinking of him or talking about him

 If a spoon or fork falls off the table onto the

floor, it means a visitor is coming

 Don’t clean the house, and in particular do not

sweep the floor, at night because that would
sweep away good fortune
PEOPLE
Famous Filipinos of Tagalog Extraction

 National hero Jose Rizal (part Chinese)

 First Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo

 Revolutionary leaders Apolinario Mabini,

Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto

 President Manual Quezon (part Spanish)

 President Jose P. Laurel

LITERATURE
Literature
 Tagalog literature has been born, cradled,
nourished and peaked into fruition in the
provinces of Southern Luzon, Central Luzon
and the present Metropolitan Manila or the
National Capital Region.
 outstanding in the field of oral literature
like bugtong(riddle), proverbs, native songs
 oral literatures are always in poetic forms,
usually seven-syllabic rhymes, so Asian in
form and perspective
Literature
 Florante at Laura
 written by Francisco Balagtas during his
imprisonment for his beloved Maria Asuncion Rivera
 adapted from some 'historical pictures' or paintings
that tell of what happened in early times in the
Greek Empire
 were set to rhyme by one delighting in Tagalog
verse
 written as an “awit” or song
Literature
 “Liwanag at Dilim”
 an essay written by Emilio Jacinto
 discoursed on the spirituality of man’s natural desire
for freedom

 “Banaag at Sikat”
 written by Lope K. Santos in 1906
 considered as the "Bible of working class
Filipinos“
 discusses the social issues such
as socialism, capitalism, and the works of the
united associations of laborers
Literature
 Legend of Maria Makiling
 inPhilippine mythology, is
a diwata or lambana (goddess, fairy or forest nymph)
 Superstitions about Maria Makiling
 men would disappear into the forests of the mountain
 turning ginger into gold to help one villager or the
other
 told by the Philippines' National Hero, Jose Rizal, Maria
falls in love with a farmer, whom she then watches over.
War came and the man had an arranged wedding with
another woman so as to stay in the village
Maria Makiling
TRADITION
Tradition
 bayanihan spirit pervades among the Tagalogs
 best shown during their wake for dead
 work in the community is often accomplished
through Bayanihan:
 building a nipa hut
 house repairing
 moving a small nipa house from one barrio to
another
 planting rice and harvesting palay
 preparing food for feast
Bayanihan
CULTURE: ART
Culture: Art

 shown in literary pieces usually in verse

 Plays like the pagbati, karagatan,

tagayan, pananapatan, sabalan and
tibaw are staged accompanied by songs
and dances for different occasions
 Karagatan – gradually became the
balagtasan
Culture: Art

 The dances and songs of the Tagalogs

developed at almost the same time as the
plays.

 Music-and-Dance examples:
 balatong dalit, hilaw, kutang-kutang, bulay,
indullanin, kumintang, salampati, tagulaylay,
subli, barimbawi , and tagayan
Culture: Art

 needle work – a fascinating work of

art by the dalagas of Luzon
Handkerchiefs
Centerpieces
Tablecloths
Blouses
Barong tagalog
Needlework
Culture: Art

 Pag-gagantsilyo – used for decorating

pillows, fine linen and children's and
ladies 'wear. Lace is handmade and used
to decorate undergarments, clothes and
handkerchiefs.
Pag-gagantsilyo
Culture
 Tagalog families are close-knit

 married children live with their parents and

other married brothers and sisters

 tagalog code of ethics is strict and their pride

fierce; they are willing to die for their honor-
according to our historian Teodoro A. A
goncillo
FESTIVALS
Singkaban Festival
 a Bulakenyo art of creating an entrance arch
and other decorative materials mainly from
bamboo
 Bulakenyo culture and arts are featured in a
week-long celebration, every 3rd week of
September
Singkaban Festival
Pahiyas Festival (Lucban, Quezon)
 an ancient farmers' harvest celebration that
dates back to the 16th century
 it was said that San Isidro Labrador magically

plowed the field whenever he went out of

church
 it is celebrated on the 15th of May
Pahiyas Festival
Obando Fertility Rites
 a dance ritual and Catholic festival celebrated
every May in Obando, Bulacan
 The Rites are observed in a triduum: 17 May for St.
Paschal Baylon, 18 May for St. Clare, and 19 May
for Our Lady of Salambáo
Obando Fertility Rites
Food