MODELS OF

MIGRATION TO THE
PHILIPPINES
The Bottom-of-the-
Sea Theory
 The Philippines was never
a part of mainland Asia.
He claimed that it rose
from the bottom of the
sea, and as the thin Pacific
crust move below it,
continued to rise.
Dr. Fritjof Voss
 The Volcanic
Eruption Theory

 Concluded that the

Philippines was a result
of the eruptions of
submarine volcanoes
along the western side
of the Pacific basin.
These eruptions caused
magma and lava to pile
up, forming the
Philippine isles. Dr. Bailey Willis
 A group of geographers
believed that the
Philippines constitute the
THE LOST remains of a
lost continent during
CONTINENT- prehistoric
times. This continent had
THEORY sunk below the ocean
waters. However, a few
portions of land – which now
make up the Philippines –
were left above water.
Beyer's Wave Migration Theory

• The most widely known theory of

the prehistoric peopling of the
Philippines is that of H. Otley Beyer,
founder of the Anthropology
Department of the University of the
Philippines.

• Heading that department for 40

years, Professor Beyer became the
unquestioned expert on Philippine
prehistory.
1."Dawn Man“
2.The Negritos
3.Indonesian
4.Malays
“DAWN MAN” A cave-man type who was
similar to Java man, Peking
Man, and other Asian Homo
erectus of 250,000 years ago.

They came by way of the

land bridges that connected
the Philippines to mainland
Asia.
They were the short men called
pygmies.
They came to the Philippines by
crossing the land bridges that
connected Borneo and Palawan,
Borneo and Sulu and Taiwan and
Batanes.
The Negritos are among the smallest
people on earth. They are below five
feet in height, with black skin, dark
kinky hair round black eyes, and flat
noses.
 Indonesian group
The seafaring tool-using
Indonesian group who
arrived about 5,000 to 6,000
years ago and were the first
immigrants to reach the
Philippines by sea.
 MALAYS
The seafaring, more
civilized Malays who
brought the Iron age
culture and were the
real colonizers and
dominant cultural
group in the pre-
Hispanic Philippines.
 REASONS FOR DOUBTING
BEYER’S WAVE MIGRATION
THEORY
No actual archeological or historical evidence ever
existed to back up any of Dr. Beyer’s points.

The empirical archaeological data for the theory

was based on surface finds and mere conjecture,
with much imagination and unproven data included.

If the Migration Theory is of any truth, then this

means that the Philippine race is purely “imported,”
CORE POPULATION THEORY

 A less rigid version of the earlier wave

migration theory is the Core Population
Theory first proposed by anthropologist
Felipe Landa Jocano of the University of
the Philippines.

 This theory holds that there weren't clear

discrete waves of migration.
Jocano contends that what fossil evidence of ancient
men show is that they not only migrated to the
Philippines, but also to New Guinea, Borneo, and
Australia.

He says that there is no way of determining if they

were Negritos at all. However, what is sure is that
there is evidence the Philippines was inhabited as
early as 21,000 or 22,000 years ago.
In 1962, a skull cap and a portion of a jaw, presumed to be those of
a human being, were found in Tabon Cave in Palawan.It is believed
to be approximately 22,000-24,000 years old.
Manunggul burial jar
Taong Callao) fossilized remains discovered in Callao Cave,
Peñablanca, Cagayan, Philippines in 2007
METATARSAL
BONE
 ARMAND SALVADOR
METATARSAL BONE MIJARES
 THE
AUSTRONESIAN
MIGRATION
Diffusion of Austronesian  Believes that the pre-
Languages - Solheim's
Hypothesis colonial ancient people
emerged from an island in
Southeast Asia.

The proto-Austronesian
developed primarily in the
Northeastern Indonesia
and Mindanao Island.
BANAUE RICE
TERRACES
 LONGSHENG
RICE TERRACES
JATILUWIH RICE
TERRACES
SAPA VIETNAM RICE
TERRACES
CHIANG MAI RICE
TERRACES
TRADITIONAL TORAJA HOUSE
 MAINLAND THEORY

 Happened 4,000
years ago.

The use of
Balangay.

Travel from North

to South.
PETER BELLWOOD
VIETNAM
taiwan

TAIWAN
Myanmar
THANKYOU FOR
LISTENING