Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Thesis Writing
(Quantitative)
Prof. Dionimar B. Banaria
Thesis Adviser
References:
Practical Reseach 2, Diwa Publishing 2016
Methods of Research and Thesis Writing by Calderon and Gonzales,
2015 reprinted
Objectives:
a. To know what thesis is
b. To understand and appreciate
the essence of each part
c. To show chronological
development
d. To write a well-written thesis
Overview of the parts
of thesis...
CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Attachments 2:
References
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
Research
- Comes from a middle French word “ recherché”
means, “the act of searching closely.”
- A combination of the prefix “re” which means
“again,” and the word “search” which means “to
look for.”
- A process of looking for information once again.
- To answer a question(s) and to shed light on
confusing facts
Research
Research is a key to progress.
(Calderon and Gonzales, 1993)
Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what
nobody else has thought. (Gyori)
Importance of Research
Knowledge is established.
Perceptions are corrected.
Phenomena are validated.
Present solutions are tested for
effectivity.
Problems are solved.
Scientific Method in Research
1. Empirical approach
2. Observation
3. Question
4. Hypotheses
5. Experiments
6. Analyses
7. Conclusion
8. Replication
1. Empirical approach
Knowledge is gained through direct
observation and experimentation. Only those
data derived from scientific procedures are
considered factual. Thereby, you ignore your
preconceived notion about the construct
understudy. You also disregard your feelings
and opinions about it.
2. Observation
Your awareness of environment constitutes
your ideas. But if you rely on your awareness
alone, it results in information bias
decreasing the validity of your findings.
3. Question
Knowledge comes from inquiries that
answerable. Questions must be answered
through scientific investigation and must
generate tangible proof.
4. Hypotheses
An educated guess, or hypothesis, is an
attempt to explain a phenomena. Once
formulated, it should help you formulate a
prediction. For example, “There is a
significant increase of voters when
registration is duly advertised.”
5. Experiments
The given hypothesis should assure
testability in a crafted condition for the
accuracy and reliability of results. The
process of experimentation itself is proof of
scientific procedures. And so, the findings are
considered truthful.
6. Analyses
For the findings to be reliable, the data
gathered are subjected for analysis through
statistical tool. Statistical treatment is necessary
to a particular study because it presents
numerical evidence to the degree in which the
results are considered valid and reliable.
IMPORTANCE OF REPLICATION
- Establishment of reliability of findings
- Discovery of knew knowledge
- Ascertainment of generalizability of results
Major Approaches Used in
Conducting Research
Qualitative
Quantitative
Mixed method approach
Major Approaches Used in Research
Qualitative Research
- explores the meaning of the people’s experiences, cultures, issue, case,
etc.
- answers “Why” and “How”
- Making a theory
Quantitative Research
- examines the relationship of the variables and/or respondents.
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Causal-comparative research
Experimental research
Quasi-experimental designs
Descriptive research
involves the collection of data to either test a hypothesis or
describe the variables mentioned in the study. Data, which are
typically numeric, are collected through surveys, interviews or
observations.
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