Flexural Design

for un symmetrical sections

INTRODUCTION
• In this case the prestressed force and eccentricity are
unknowns but the section is given.
• Adopt the largest eccentricity available &compute
𝑃𝑖 from the four requirement equations for limited
stresses
Pi ec1 Mo
• 𝑓𝑡𝑖 ≥− 1− 2 − …..1
Ac r S1
Pi ec2 Mo
• 𝑓𝑐𝑖 ≤− 1+ 2 + .…..2
Ac r S2
𝑅Pi ec1 Mo
• 𝑓𝑐𝑠 ≤− 1− 2 − …….3
Ac r S1
RPi ec2 Mo
• 𝑓𝑡𝑠 ≥− 1− 2 + ……4
Ac r S2
• Smallest value of Pi is obtained with largest
possible eccentricity , provided that sufficient
distance from the bottom surface is available to
protect the reinforcement, this distance should
1
not be less than of the overall beam depth.
10
• Requirement equations give range of possible
answer forPi
• Equation 1′ & 2′ limit the upper boundary
• Equation 3′&4 limit the lower boundary
• Hence if the largest of two values of Pi given by
Equation 3 ′ & 4 ′ less than the value given by
Equation 1 ′ & 2 ′ , it is the answer.
e =-k2

e =k1
Min
cover
ℎ
≥
10
• In many practical cases, a maximum value
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 would be established by physical
limitations, based on the available distance c2
reduced by the necessary concrete cover for
the tendons, measured from the steel
1
centroid. Given that the best value of , is
𝑃𝑖
that at the intersection of 𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 with Equation
3′.
• EXAMPLE: Design of Beam Using Standard Cross Section Having
Capacity Above That Required
• A post-tensioned prestressed concrete roof deck is to be designed
using 8-ft width single-T beams (see Section below ) spanning 70 ft
between simple supports. Service loads include live load of 88 psf,
superimposed dead load of 10 psf, and estimated self-weight of 75
psf. Normal weight concrete is used with specified compressive
strength 𝑓′𝑐 = 5,000 psi and strength at time of prestressing 𝑓𝑐𝑖 =
3,500 psi. The prestressing force will be provided using 1/2-in.
diameter Grade 270 low-relaxation strands with 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 270 ksi and
𝑓𝑝𝑦 = 243 ksi. The effectiveness ratio can be assumed to be R = 0.85.
Select sutibalestandard single-T section beam, and determine the
required magnitude and eccentricity of prestress force based on ACI
Code stress limitations.
• Referring to Table 3.1, the permissible stresses in the concrete
immediately after transfer and at service load are:
fci = −0.6 × 3500 = −2100psi
fti = 3 3500 = +177psi
fcs = −0.45 × 5000 = −2250psi
fts = 12 5000 = 849psi
The moments due transverse loading are
1
w0 = 75 × 8 = 600𝑝𝑙𝑓 M0 = × 0.6 × 702 = 368ft − kip
8
1
wd = 10 × 8 = 80𝑝𝑙𝑓 Md = × 0.08 × 702 = 49ft − kip
8
1
wl = 88 × 8 = 704𝑝𝑙𝑓 Ml = × 0.704 × 702 = 431ft − kip
8
• emax = 26.01 — 3.6 = 22.41
• From equation 3′
𝑐 26.01
1 1+𝑒 22 (1+22.41120.9)
• ≤ 𝑀
𝑟
= 12000 = 343000
𝑃𝑖 −𝑓𝑡𝑠 + 𝑆 𝑡 𝐴𝑐 −849+848×
2650
570
2
• As before the maximum permissible stress in the wire
must not excceed
• 0.82 𝑓𝑝𝑦 0𝑟 0.74𝑓𝑝𝑢
• for normal prestressing wire 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 270 𝑝𝑠𝑖
• 𝑓𝑝𝑦 = 243𝑝𝑠𝑖
• 0.82 𝑓𝑝𝑦 = 200 ksi
• or 0.74𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 200 ksi take the value =200psi
 343
𝐴𝑝 = = 1.715𝑖𝑛
200
The cross-sectional area of one 1/2-in. diameter
wire is 0.153in.2; hence, the number of strands
required is
1.715
Number of strands = = 12
0.153
Twelve strands will be used, in a single tendon
having eccentricity e = 22.41 in at mid span,
decreasing to zero at the supports.
Home work
Check the permissible limiting stresses .