Feelings that

Intense tend to be
feelings that less intense
are directed than emotions
at someone and that lack a
or something contextual
stimulus
 Types of Emotions
• While not universally accepted, there appear to be six
basic emotions:
1. Anger
2. Fear
3. Sadness
4. Happiness
5. Disgust
6. Surprise
• All other emotions are subsumed under these six
• May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion:
– Happiness – surprise – fear – sadness – anger - disgust
 What Is the Function of Emotion?
• Emotions Make Us rational?
– Expressing emotions publicly may be damaging to social
status
– Emotions are critical to rational decision-making
– Emotions help us understand the world around us
• Functions Emotions Serve?
– Darwin argued they help in survival problem-solving
– Evolutionary psychology: people must experience
emotions as there is a purpose behind them
– Not all researchers agree with this assessment
Sources of Emotion and Mood
PERSONALITY : THERE IS A TRAIT
COMPONENT – AFFECT INTENSITY

• Sociable, gregarious, and assertive

Extroversion

• Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting

Agreeableness
• Responsible, dependable,
persistent, and organized
Conscientiousness
• Calm, self-confident, secure under stress
(positive), versus nervous, depressed, and
Emotional Stability insecure under stress (negative)

Openness to • Curious, imaginative, artistic, and sensitive

Experience
• Stress
– Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods
• Social Activities
– Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods
• Sleep
– Poor sleep quality increases negative affect
• Exercise
– Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed people
• Age
– Older folks experience fewer negative emotions
• Gender
– Women tend to be more emotionally expressive, feel emotions more
intensely, have longer-lasting moods, and express emotions more
frequently than do men
– Due more to socialization than to biology
 Emotional Labor
An employee’s expression of organizationally desired
emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.
•Emotional Dissonance:
– Employees have to project one emotion while
simultaneously feeling another
– Can be very damaging and lead to burnout
•Types of Emotions:
– Felt: the individual’s actual emotions
– Displayed: required or appropriate emotions
• Surface Acting: displaying appropriately but not feeling those
emotions internally
• Deep Acting: changing internal feelings to match display rules
- very stressful
 Affective Events Theory (AET)
• An event in the work environment triggers
positive or negative emotional reactions
– Personality and mood determine response intensity
– Emotions can influence a broad range of work variables
Emotional Intelligence
Salovey and Mayer (1990) first established the term
“emotional intelligence”(EI).
emotional intelligence consists of set of skills:
•relevant to the accurate appraisal and expression of
emotion in oneself and in others,
•the effective regulation of emotion in self and others,
•and the use of feeling to motivate, plan, and achieve in
one’s life

(Salovey and Mayer, 1990,).

Two distinct mental processes, thinking and
feeling, work together.
EI focuses on the extent to which people’s
cognitive capabilities are informed by emotions
and the extent to which emotions are cognitively
managed (George, 2000).
• Emotional Intelligence refers to an employee’s
ability and understanding of his or her emotions
and those of his or her colleagues.
• It helps individuals to build and maintain
relations with their peers and superiors.
• Emotional Intelligence helps in managing teams
effectively for producing good results.
• It is directly related to the performance and
success of an organization.
• On the whole, Emotional Intelligence is the
clever use of one’s emotions.
Emotional intelligence consists of four core abilities:

• Self-awareness – The ability to recognize your own emotions and

how they affect your thoughts and behavior, know your strengths and
weaknesses, and have self-confidence.

• Self-management – The ability to control impulsive feelings and

behaviors, manage your emotions in healthy ways, take initiative, follow
through on commitments, and adapt to changing circumstances.

• Social awareness – The ability to understand the emotions, needs,

and concerns of other people, pick up on emotional cues, feel
comfortable socially, and recognize the power dynamics in a group or
organization.

• Relationship management – The ability to develop and maintain

good relationships, communicate clearly, inspire and influence others,
work well in a team, and manage conflict.
Developing emotional intelligence through five key skills:
Emotional intelligence consists of five key skills, each building on
the last:
• Emotional intelligence (EQ) skill 1: The ability to quickly reduce
stress.
• Emotional intelligence (EQ) skill 2: The ability to recognize and
manage your emotions.
• Emotional intelligence (EQ) skill 3: The ability to connect with
others using nonverbal communication.
• Emotional intelligence (EQ) skill 4: The ability to use humor and
play to deal with challenges.
• Emotional intelligence (EQ) skill 5: The ability to resolve
conflicts positively and with confidence.