COMMUNISM

North Korea VS China

POLITICAL&MILITARY
CHINA POLITICAL
• A socialist state under the democratic dictatorship led by the working and
based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
• Its government is described as communist and socialist, but also as
authoritarian and corporatist.
• President is the head of the State. Local People's Congresses are directly
elected, and higher levels of People's Congresses up to the National are
indirectly elected by the People's Congress of the level immediately below.
• The political system is decentralized, and provincial and sub-provincial
leaders have a significant amount of autonomy.
CHINA MILITARY
• People‘s Liberation Army(PLA) is the largest standing military force in the
world commanded by the Central Military Commission.
• It has the world second largest military budget and is considered as
potential superpower
• Nuclear weapons state.
• Volunteer to join the military.
NORTH KOREA POLITICAL
• North Korea is a highly centralized, one-party republic country. It self-
described revolutionary and socialist state "guided in its activities by the
Juche idea and the Songun idea".
• The Juche ideology is the cornerstone of party works and government
operations.
• Juche replaced Marxism-Leninism by 1980s is “economic self-
sufficiency, military self-reliance and independent foreign policy” policy
NORTH KOREA MILITARY
• Songun is the “military first” policy.
• North Korea People’s Army(KPA), the largest military institution in the
world.
• Its active duty army of 1.21 million is the fourth largest in the world,
after China, the U.S., and India.
• Developd nuclear weapons.
• In North Korea, 20 percent of men aged 17-54 serve in the regular armed
forces, one in every 25 citizens is an enlisted soldier. North Korea has
mandatory military service: Man is 10 years and for woman is 7 years.
ECONOMY
CHINA ECONOMY HISTORY
• In 1949 until late 1978, China was the same as Soviet-style centrally
planned economy, five years plan. After the death of Mao in 1976, Deng
reform in 1976m move towards a more market-oriented mixed economy
under one-party rule.
• Agricultural collectivization was dismantled and farmlands privatized,
while foreign trade became a major new focus, leading to the creation of
Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Inefficient state-owned enterprises
(SOEs) were restructured and unprofitable ones were closed outright,
resulting in massive job losses.
CHINA
• Second-largest economy.
• Modern-day China is mainly characterized as having a market economy
based on private property ownership, and is one of the leading examples
of state capitalism.
• The state still dominates in strategic "pillar" sectors such as energy
production and heavy industries, but private enterprise has expanded
enormously
• Largest trading power in the global.
• High level of economic inequality.
CHINA INEQUALITY ECONOMY
• Rural and urban inequality, Inland and coastal inequality
• In rural area, people are still suffering starving, while in the big city, such
as Beijing or Shanghai, every family own one or more car.
• Before 1978, China’s income distribution pattern was characterized as
equal in all aspects. After open-door policy, there is urbanization and
coastal city such as Shenzheng city was way more richer than inland,
especially comparing with Qihai, Tibat.
NORTH KOREA ECONOMY HISTORY
• North Korea has maintained one of the most closed and centralized
economies in the world since the 1940s. For several decades it followed
the Soviet pattern of five-year plans with the ultimate goal of achieving
self-sufficiency. Extensive Soviet and Chinese support allowed North
Korea to rapidly recover from the Korean War and register very high
growth rates.
• In 1998, government reform structural that legalized private ownership of
assets and decentralized control over production. In 2002, second reform:
expansion of market activities, partial artial monetization, flexible prices
and salaries, and the introduction of incentives and accountability
techniques.
NORTH KOREA
• Command economy (state owns almost all means of production and
development priorities are defined by the government) with a relatively
industrialized country where nearly half of the Gross Domestic Product is
generated by industry and human development is at medium levels.
• Industry and services employ 65% of North Korea's 12.6 million labor
force. Major industries include machine building, military equipment,
chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing and tourism.
NORTH KOREA INEQUALITY ECONOMY
• A large part of North Korea is now back into 19th century which mainly
got manual labor in the fields and hardscrabble, subsistence living, while
in the capital city, Pyongyang, transportation is well-constructured and IT
sector has a big develop.
• People who have a wealth family are rich, and labour family will remain
poor.
FOREIGN RELATIONSHIP
CHINA
 The largest and most populous state with limited recognition.
 “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence” & "Harmony without
uniformity", which encourages diplomatic relations between states
despite ideological differences.
 One of 5 permanent members of the United Natioins Security Council
 China was also a former member and leader of the Non-Aligned
Movemen
 Along with Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa, China is a member of
the BRICS group of emerging major economies
NORTH KOREA
 “Hermit Kingdom” (a term that was originally referred to the
isolationism in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty)
 North Korea had diplomatic relations with 166 countries and embassies
in 47 countries.
 Now North Korea continues to have strong ties with its socialist southeast
Asian allies in Vietnam and Laos, as well as with Cambodia.
HUMAN RIGHT
CHINA
 Heavy restrictions in many area: free access to the Internet, freedom of
the press, freedom of assembly, free formation of social organizations
and freedom of religion.
 The Chinese government tightly restricts freedom of expression through
censorship and punishments. For example, in the internet, there are
some free space, but “Great Firewall", a type of government censor will
block unacceptable information.
 Woman in many areas still faces discrimination.
 The government restricts religious practice to five officially recognized
religions and only in officially approved religious premises.
NORTH KOREA
 "Some of the world's most brutalized people"
 The North Korean population is strictly managed by the state and all
aspects of daily life are subordinated to party and state planning.
 Citizens don’t have freedom of speech and are not allowed to take part
into the politic.
 Employment is managed by the party on the basis of political reliability,
and travel is tightly controlled by the Ministry of People's Security.
 People who live in capital Pyongyang are not allowed to go to other cities
ans urban. And people outside Pyongyang are restricted by government to
travel to capital city .
NORTH KOREA CONCENTRATE CAMP
 North Korea applies capital punishment, including public executions.
 People who try to escape from North Korea or who are against
government or Kim Il-sung family will send to concentrate camp
 There are also concentrate camps where people who are considered as
political prison include North Korea defector are subject to torture and
inhumane treatment.
EDUCATION & HEALTH CARE
CHINA
 Public and private medical institutions and insurance programs.
 About 95% of the population has at least basic health insurance
coverage. Despite this, public health insurance generally only covers
about half of medical costs
 9 years free education of primary and junior secondary school. 82.5
percent of students continued their education at a three-year senior
secondary school. 27 percent of secondary school graduates are enrolled
in higher education after university entrance exam.
NORTH KOREA
 Free universal insurance system . Quality of medical care varies
significantly by region and is often low, with severe shortages of
equipment, drugs and anaesthetics
 An 11-year-free, compulsory cycle of primary and secondary education
RELIGION
CHINA
 Three teaching: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Freedom of religion
is guaranteed by China’s constitution but religious organization lack
official approval can be subject to state persecution.
 80% practice some form of Chinese folk religions, Taoism and
Confucianism, 10%-16% Buddhist, 2%-4% Christian, 1%-2% Muslims
 Different ethnic groups, Tibetan Buddhism and the Islamic religion of the
Hui and Uyghur peoples.
NORTH KOREA
 Atheist state, public religion is discouraged. Freedom of religion, the right
to religious ceremonies are constitutionally guaranteed but restricted by
government. 64.3% of the population are irreligious adherents of the
Juche idea, 16% practice Korean shamanism, 13.5% practice Chondoism,
4.5% are Buddhist, and 1.7% are Christian.
 Buddhism and Confucianism still has an effect on cultural life. Buddists
given limited funding by the government to promote the religion.
Chondoism combining elemets of Korean shamanism, Buddhism, Taoism
and Catholicism.
THANK YOU
CITATION
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