error: difference between the true value of a parameter

and the measured or calculated value of the parameter.

The uncertainty of a test result is a measure of the quality of the test.

The calculated average value of a parameter plus or minus the uncertainty

(estimated error limit of a measurement or result) thus defines a band in
which the true value of the parameter is expected to lie with a
certain coverage.

coverage: percentage of observations (measurements)

that can be expected to differ from the true value by no
more than the uncertainty.
Random error is manifested by the fact that repeated
measurements of the same quantity by the same
measuring system operated by the same personnel do
not yield identical values.
A complete uncertainty analysis requires determining
values for both random and systematic uncertainty in
the basic measurements, their propagation into the
calculated results, and their combination into the overall
uncertainty of the results. Uncertainty analysis can be
performed before a test is run (pretest analysis) and/or
after a test is run (post-test analysis).