KAMELIA

AZHARI
APRILIANTI
RAFAELA
 Deixis is reference by means of an expression whose
interpretation is relative to the (usually) extra linguistic context
of the utterance, such as:
 who is speaking
 the time or place of speaking
 the gestures of the speaker, or
 The current location in the discourse.
 Deictics: a wide variety of expressions in english , such as
personal pronouns such as I and you , spatial adverbs such as
here and there , demonstratives such as this and that , temporal
adverbs suchas now, then, today, ago, and recently , motion verbs
such as come and go , and tense morphemes such as the future
auxiliary will and the past tense suffi x -ed (cf. Lyons 1977;
Fillmore1997).
 What is person deixis?
 What is place deixis?
 What is time deixis?
 What is discourse deixis?
 What is social deixis?
 What is emphatetic deixis?
 Person deixis is deictic reference to the participant
role of a referent, such as
 the speaker
 the addressee, and
 referents which are neither speaker nor addressee
 Person deixis is commonly expressed by the following
kinds of constituents:
 Pronouns
 Possessive affixes of nouns
 Agreement affixes of verbs
 First person deixis is deictic reference that refers to:
the speaker, or both the speaker and referents grouped
with the speaker.
 singular pronouns
 plural pronouns
 Am, the first person form of the verb be
 Second person deixis is deictic reference to a person
or persons identified as addressee
 Examples:
 you
 yourself
 yourselves
 your
 Yours
 Third person deixis is deictic reference to a referent(s) not
identified as the speaker or addressee.
Examples:
 he
 she
 they
the third person singular verb suffix -s
He sometimes flies.
Some examples:
 I am going to the movies.
 Would you like to have dinner?
 They tried to hurt me, but he came to the rescue.
 Time, or temporal, deixis concerns itself with the various times
involved in and referred to in an utterance. This includes time
adverbs like "now", "then", "soon", and so forth, and also different
tenses. Time adverbs can be relative to the time when an
utterance is made ("encoding time")or when the utterance is
heard ("decoding time").Time deixis is reference to time relative
to a temporal reference point. Typically, this point is the moment
of utterance.
1.Temporal adverbs
 now / then
 yesterday / today / tomorrow
2.Distinctions in tense
 Tenses are generally separated into absolute (deictic) and relative
tenses. So, for example, simple English past tense is absolute,
such as in
 He went.
 whereas the pluperfect is relative to some other deictically
specified time, as in
 He had gone.
 Discourse deixis is deictic reference to a portion of a
discourse relative to the speaker's current “location” in
the discourse.
 Use of this to refer to a story one is about to tell in:
I bet you haven’t heard this story.
 Reference to Chapter 7 of a book by means of in the
next chapter or in the previous chapter, depending on
whether the reference is made from Chapter 6 or 8.
 Use of this in a creaky-voiced utterance of:
This is what phoneticians call a creaky voice.
 Social deixis is reference to the social characteristics of, or distinctions
between, the participants or referents in a speech event.
Example:

 The distinction, found in many Indo-European languages, between familiar and

polite second person pronouns is an expression of social deixis
Here some kinds of social deixis :
 Absolute social deixis is deictic reference to some social characteristic of a
referent (especially a person) apart from any relative ranking of referents.ex :
Mr. President
Your Honor
 Relational social deixis is deictic reference to a social relationship between the
speaker and an addressee, bystander, or other referent in the extralinguistic
context.ex:

 Distinctions between the French second person pronouns tu and vous

 Speech levels of Southeast Asian languages that depend on the relative status of
the speaker and addressee.
 Distinctions between lexical choices made in the presence of certain kin in
Dyirbal
 Empathetic deixis is the metaphorical use of deictic
forms to indicate emotional or other psychological
“distance” or “proximity” between a speaker and a
referent.
 Examples:

 The use of this to indicate the speaker’s empathy

 The use of that to indicate the speaker’s emotional
distance
 The function of a deictic word in specifying its referent
in a given context.
 The function or operation of a deictic word; the
function of pointing or specifying from the perspective
of a participant in an act of speech or writing; aspects
of a communication whose interpretation depends on
knowledge of the context in which the communication
occurs.