Recall - I LAN switching increases the bandwidth of the network, which helps to solve the problem of network traffic Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to stop the network loop that occurs for an indefinite period on the layer 2 network The Cisco Catalyst 1900 series switches are available in two editions Standard Edition and Enterprise Editions
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Recall - II The 1900 series switches automatically copies any changes made in the configuration into the NVRAM. In the 1900 switches, any changes made to the running configuration using the mode is automatically updated in the NVRAM config file The Standard version of Catalyst 2900 provides VLAN capability The 2900 series switches come with four and eight megabytes of memory size
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Virtual LAN (VLAN) A VLAN is a group of network devices that behave as they are connected to a single network segment
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VLAN Advantages Broadcast Control - This helps in reducing the bandwidth consumption in the network Security - VLANs allow you to efficiently control the switch ports, which prevent unauthorized access of the network by the use of a switch port Flexibility and Scalability - VLAN are considered as flexible because it allows you to construct groups or networks connected to a switch or a group of switches
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VLAN Membership VLAN membership can be defined as the association of the devices in a VLAN and how the devices are configured in the VLAN The two types of VLAN membership include: Static VLANs
Dynamic VLANs
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VLAN Trunking When a particular VLAN switch sends a broadcast message to another switch on the network, the receiving switch needs to identify the source of the message. This is achieved by VLAN trunking VLAN trunking adds a tag to each data frame that is transferred from the switch
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Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Protocol The Inter-Switch Link protocol allows tagging of the data frame before transferring it to a VLAN The ISL encapsulates the original by placing the original Ethernet frame between the 26-byte header and the 4-byte CRC trailer frame
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802.1Q The 802.1Q modifies the original frame by adding a 4 byte field called the tag field in the middle of the original Ethernet frame
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Trunking Trunking is used to communicate when the two or more hosts are connected to a different switch and belong to the same VLAN Before configuring the ports, you must know the network structure
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Inter-VLAN Routing Router Interfaces Connected to the Access Link
Router Interface Connected to the Switch
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VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) allows you to share information about VLAN configuration over the network switches VTP allows to add a new VLAN to the switch and propagate this information through the VTP messages to all other switches in layer 2 network causing them to add the new VLAN VTP propagates information as VTP messages using trunk connections
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VTP Modes VTP modes decide the flexibility with which changes are incorporated in the network The three VTP modes include: Server Mode
Transparent Mode
Client Mode
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VTP Prunning VTP pruning is Cisco VTP feature that allows your switches to dynamically delete or add VLANs to a trunk resulting in a more efficient switching network The VTP pruning helps the switch to prevent broadcast and unicasts from flowing into switches that do not have ports in that VLAN
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Case Study The Gujarat branch of the Blue Diamond Steel Company has hired new employees for Finance, Marketing, Human Resource and Business Development departments. This made the management to expand their office premises. The new employees are placed in the new premises. The network administrator has already configured VLANs for every department and now has to assign the VLANs to the new hosts, so that the new employees can access the data of their department from the new premises.
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Problem
The network administrator is unable to assign the
VLANs automatically to the hosts connected and assigning VLANs to each host manually is a tedious task
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Suggested Solution
The network administrator needs to configure VTP on
the new network switch and the switch to which the new network switch will be connected. He needs to enable trunking between the VLANs. In addition, he needs to assign the VLANs to the same domain
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Summary - I
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a collection of
networking devices in the same broadcast domain In order to work with a VLAN, you require a layer of 2 switches that supports them Each VLAN created on a switch is a separate network Network broadcast, by default, are filtered from all ports on a switch that are not members of the same VLAN VLANs help to isolate network segments between each other
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Summary - II
In VLAN trunking, the switches tag each frame sent
between switches so that the receiving switch knows what to what VLAN frame belongs With trunking you can support multiple VLANs that have on more than one switch Cisco supports two different trunking protocols; Inter-Switch (ISL) and IEEE 802.1Q, both provide basic trunking The ISL can be used only between two Cisco switches
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Summary - III
The ISL is a proprietary tagging method that the
Cisco developed to use for Ethernet and Token ring connections The ISL header VLAN fields provide a place to encode the VLAN number ISL is used only on Ethernet connection The ISL adds a 26-byte header and 4-byte trailer to the original Ethernet frame The ISL is slowly being replaced in Cisco’s products with IEEE’s 802.1Q trunking standard
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Summary - IV The 802.1Q allows trunks between different vendor’s devices, whereas ISL provided only trunking between some of the Cisco devices Cisco 2950 switches use a slightly different configuration mode to configure VLAN and VTP information as compared to other switch configuration commands In VLAN configuration mode, you can configure VLAN information as VTP settings. By default, a 2950 switch uses VTP server mode, so any VLANs you configure are advertised in VTP updates