INTRODUCTION TO

TECHNOLOGY’S
GENERATION
BY- SITU RANJAN KAR
CLASS 12TH SC.
JNV CUTTACK
ROLL NO-
 First Generation (1G) – Analog System
• Using Analog signals
• introduced in the 1980s
• Frequency typically 150MHz & above
• started with the Advanced Mobile Phone
Service (AMPS) that was invented at Bell Labs
and first installed in 1982.
 DRAWBACKS OF 1G
• Poor voice quality
• Frequent call drops
• No security
• Limited capacity and poor handoff
reliability.
 SECOND GENERATION
• 2G phones using global system for mobile
communications (GSM) were first used in
the early 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides
voice and limited data services and uses
digital modulation for improved audio
quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA were some of
the 2G systems.
 DRAWBACKS OF 2G

• The GSM is a circuit switched ,

connection oriented technology, where
the end systems are dedicated for the
entire call session.
• This causes ineffi ciency in usage of
bandwidth and resources . The GSM
enabled systems do not support high
data rates. They are unable to handle
complex data such as video.
• Reduce range of sound.
• Weaker digital signal.
 2.5G WIRELESS
• An interim stage that is taken between 2G
and 3G that is 2.5G .
• Features includes:-
• Phone calls/fax
• Voice mail
• Send/receive e-mail messaging.
• Web browsing
• speed: 64-144 kb/sec
 3RD GENERATION
• To meet the growing demand in network capacity,
rates required for high speed data transfer and
multimedia applications , 3G standards started
evolving.
• It is based on the International
• Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of
standards.
• 3G technologies enable network operators to offer
users a wider range of more advanced services.
• Services include wide-area wireless voice
telephony, video-calls and broadband wireless
data, all in a mobile environment.
 Features includes:

Phone calls/ fax

Global roaming

Send/receive large email messages

High speed web

Navigation / maps

Video conferencing

TV streaming

Electronic agenda meeting reminder

Speed: 200 kb/sec-2mb/sec

Taking gaming to the next level…

 3G technology has taken the gaming

to the next level.
 Real-time multiplayer gaming is
possible in 3G system.
 Innovative new services are being
added by developer daily.
 EXTENDING TV TO MOBILES…
Not simply rebroadcast of TV or website
Enhanced existing service for mobile environment.
Multi-faceted – 24*7 access to multiple

live streams , video , image & text

content , voting , messaging.

User interaction on multiple levels.

Fully integrated in browser – one click access.

 ADVANTAGES OF 3G
New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding
in existing systems.
 More bandwidth , security & reliability.

 Inter-portability between services providers.

 High data rates.

 Rich multimedia services.

 Always online devices.

 DISADVANTAGES OF 3G

 Expensive input fees for the 3G service

licenses.
 Numerous differences in the licensing
terms.
 It is a challenge to build the necessary

 infrastructure for 3G

 Expense of 3G phones .
 WHAT IS 4G???

Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps
Lower cost than previous generations.

Multi-standard wireless system

Bluetooth , Wifi
Coverage of wide area.

Wide Variety of services capability.

IPv6 core

Potentially IEEE standards 802.11

Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.


MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread
spectrum radio technology.
 ADVANTAGES OF 4G
High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any
technology.
Support for multimedia services at low
transmission cost.

DISADVANTAGES OF 4G
Higher bandwidth , tight network security.
The equipment required to implement a next
generation network is still very expensive.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to
make sure
that expenses are kept realistic.
 A Journey From 1G to 5G…
Generation Definition Throughput/ Technology Time period Features
(1G,2G,3G,4G,5
G) Speed

1G Analog 14.4 Kbps AMPS,NMT,TACS 1970-1980 During 1G Wireless phones are

(peak) used for voice only.

2G Digital Narrow 9.6/14.4 Kbps TDMA,CDMA 1990-2000 2G capabilities are achieved by

band circuit data allowing multiple users on a single
channel via multiplexing. During
2G Cellular phones are used
for data also along with voice.

2.5G Packet Data 171.2 GPRS 2001-2004 In 2.5G the internet becomes
Kbps(peak) popular and data becomes more
20-40 Kbps relevant.2.5G Multimedia
services and streaming starts to
show growth. Phones start
supporting web browsing though
limited and very few phones have
that.
 Generation Definition Throughput/ Technology Time period Features
(1G,2G,3G,4G,5
G) Speed

3G Digital 3.1 Mbps CDMA 2000 2004-2005 3G has Multimedia services

Broadband (peak) (1xRTT, EVDO) support along with streaming are
Packet Data 500-700 Kbps UMTS, EDGE more popular.In 3G, Universal
access and portability across
different device types are made
possible. (Telephones, PDA’s, etc.)
3.5G Packet Data 14.4 Mbps HSPA 2006-2010 3.5G supports higher throughput
(peak) and speeds to support higher
1-3 Mbps data needs of the consumers.

4G Digital 100-300 Mbps WiMax Now Speeds for 4G are further

Broadband (peak) LTE (Transitioning to increased to keep up with data
Packet 3-5 Mbps Wi-Fi 4G) access demand used by various
All IP 100 Mbps (Wi- services.High definition
Very high Fi) streaming is now supported in
throughput 4G. New phones with HD
capabilities surface. It gets pretty
cool.In 4G, Portability is increased
further.World-wide roaming is
not a distant dream.
5G Not Yet Probably Not Yet Soon (probably Currently there is no 5G
gigabits 2020) technology deployed. When this
becomes available it will provide
very high speeds to the
consumers. It would also provide
efficient use of available
bandwidth as has been seen
through development of each
new technology.