The Periodic Law

O Mendeleev understood the ‘Periodic

Law’ which states:
O When arranged by increasing atomic
number, the chemical elements
display a regular and repeating
pattern of chemical and physical
properties.
 People Involved in
Periodic Table

O DMITRY, MENDELEYEV IVANOVICH (FATHER OF PERIODIC

TABLE)
O DEMOCRITUS (EXISTENCE OF ATOMS)
O DALTON(INDIVISIBLE ATOMS)
O J.J THOMPSON (ELECTRON)
O ROBERT MILLIKAN (MASS OF ELECTRON 9.11 X10^28 G)
O EUGEN GOLDSTEIN (PROTON)
O JAMES CHADWICK (PLUM PUDDING MODEL)
O ERNEST RUTHERFORD(NUCLEAR MODEL /
NUCLEUS)
O FREDERICK SODDY(ISOTOPES)
 People Involved in
Periodic Table

O Johns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848)

– first used letters or symbols
O Henry Gwyn Jeffeys Mooseley (1887-1915)
- determine atomic numbers
O Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (1780-1749)
– found several groups into three elements called
TRIADS.
O Lothar meyer/ mendelev
– elements are arranged in increasing atomic mass.
O John newlands (1837- 1898)
– law of octaves
 PARTS OF PERIODIC TABLE

FAMILY/GROU
P

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

PERIO
D
 GROUPS / FAMILY

O ALKALI O ALKALINE O METALLOIDS

METALS EARTH B
 Li METALS  Si
 Na  Be  Ge
K  Mg  As
 Rb  Ca  Sb
 Cs  Sr  Te
 Fr  Ba
 Ra
 GROUPS / FAMILY

O NON-METALS O HALOGENS O NOBLE GASSES

H F  He
C Cl  Ne
N Br  Ar
O I  Kr
P At  Xe
S  Rn
 Se
 LANTHANIDES
51-71

ACTINIDES
89-103

OTHER METALS
Al, Ga , In , Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi, Uuq , Uuh

TRANSITION METALS
24-30
39-48
72-80
104-112
 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

O Refers to the 1s2

arrangement of
electron in the
2s2 2p2
orbital of an 3s2 3p2 3d10
atom. 4s2 4p2 4d10 4f14
1. Number that
designates
5s2 5p2 5d10 5f14
energy level. 6s2 6p2 6d10 6f14
2. Letter which 7s2 7p2 7d10 7f14
designates the
type of orbital.
 EXAMPLE

ELECTRONIC CONDENSED
CONFIGURATION: CONFIGURATION:
Na -11 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 Na -11 = [Ne] 3s1
3s1 Ni -28 = [Ar] 4s2 3d8
Ni -28 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 4s2
3d8
ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION:
Na -11 = 1s2 2s2 2p6
3s1
Ni -28 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 4s2
3d8
 Practice #1
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION:
1. Carbon -6
2. Argon – 18
3. Arsenic -33
4. Calcium -20
 ORBITAL DIAGRAM

1. AUFBU PRINCIPLE
2. HUND’S RULE
3. PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
AUFBAU PRINCIPLE

1s2
2s2 2p2
3s2 3p2 3d10
4s2 4p2 4d10 4f14
5s2 5p2 5d10 5f14
6s2 6p2 6d10 6f14
7s2 7p2 7d10 7f14
 HUND’S RULE

1S 2S 2P

N- 7 = 1S2 2S2 2P3

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
 FORMULA

O ATOMIC NUMBER (Z)

 ELECTRON=PROTON

O MASS NUMBER (A)

 PROTON+NEUTRON

O ELECTRONS
 NEUTRON- ATOMIC NUMBER

 NEUTRON (A-Z)

 CHARGE (PROTON – ELECTRON)

FORMULA
 Ions

O When an atom gains an electron, it

becomes negatively charged (more
electrons than protons ) and is called
an anion.
O In the same way that nonmetal
atoms can gain electrons, metal
atoms can lose electrons.
O They become positively charged
cations.
 ISOTOPES
-same element, same atomic number but differ in atomic
weight

WRITE THE ISOTOPE SYMBOL FOR

IONS.
1. 35 PROTONS, 44 NEUTRONS, 36
ELECTRONS
2. 13 PROTONS, 14 NEUTRONS, 10
ELECTRONS
3. 47 PROTONS, 62 NEUTRONS, 46
ELECTRONS
 ATOMIC MASS UNIT
NATURAL ABUNDANCE %

ATOMIC MASS UNIT= Z1(P1)+Z2(P2)

NA%= (X )+ (1-X)

B-10 B-11
CL- 35 CL-37
C-12 C-13
 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS

O MASS(amu) x NATURAL ABUNDANCE

IN DEC. POINT
CHEMICAL FORMULA
POLYATOMIC FORMULA
O METAL TO NON METAL IONIC
O METAL TRANSITION IONIC
O NON METAL NON METAL COVALENT
O HYDROGEN TO NON METAL
COVALENT
 CHEMICAL NAMING

1. For the first element, start with the

element name.
2. For the second element, start with the –
ide name.
3. Use prefixes to show of each type there
are.
4. Do not use “mono” on the first element.
5. If you have “ao” or “oo”, turn it into “o”.v
 CHEMICAL NAMING

-ide endings PREFIXES

F Flouride 1 MONO-
Cl chloride 2 DI-

Br bromide 3 TRI-
4 TETRA-
I Iodide
5 PENTA-
O oxide 6 HEXA-
S sulfide 7 HEPTA-
N nitride 8 OCTA-

P phosphide 9 NONA-
10 DECA-
 CHEMICAL NAMING
IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION METALS

NEGATIVE IONS
FLOURIDE F-
CHLORIDE CL-
BROMIDE BR-
IODIDE I-
OXIDE O2-
SULFIDE S2-
NITRIDE N2-
PHOSPHIDE P2-
 CHEMICAL NAMING
IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION METALS