FM Transmitter

Matt Baker
Kevin Van Dyke
 Design
 Three stage, 9V FM transmitter
• Audio amplification
• Oscillation
• RF amplification
 Electret microphone for input
 Dipole antenna – 160 cm
Circuit Diagram
 Circuit Description
 Radio frequency oscillator (100MHz)
 Microphone picks up and amplifies audio
and then feeds it to first transistor for
amplification
 Output from collector is fed into base of
the second transistor where it modulates
the resonant frequency of the tank circuit
• This is done by varying the junction
capacitance of the transistor.
• Junction capacitance is a function of the
potential difference applied to the base of the
second transistor.
 Oscillation occurs
 Final stage: Third transistor amplifies
the output RF signal.
 Electret Microphone
 What is an electret?
• It is a permanently charged dialectric.
• The diaphragm of the microphone acts
as one of the plates in the capacitor.
• The movement of the plate changes the
capacitance.
• Amplified by a FET amplifier.
First amplification stage
 Standard self-biasing
common emitter
amplifier
 The 22n capacitor
isolates the microphone
from the base voltage
of the transmitter by
blocking DC.
First Transistor
 Amplification
800mV

400mV

0V

-400mV
0s 1ms 2ms 3ms 4ms 5ms 6ms 7ms 8ms 9ms 10ms
V(Q5:c) V(V5:+)
Time
 Oscillator Stage
 Oscillator necessary to generate RF carrier
waves
 Feedback signal makes

the base-emitter current

vary at the resonant
frequency.
 This causes the emitter-

collector current to vary at

the same frequency.
 This signal then radiated

as radio waves.
 Final Amplification Stage
 This stage amplifies the RF
signal.
 A Zetex ZTX320 RF transistor
was used to do this efficiently.
 L2 and the 10p capacitor in
parallel with it are designed to
reduce harmonics from the
circuit.

 Output power from this stage will be maximum

when it is tuned to oscillate at the same frequency
as the previous stage.
• How?
 Peaking Circuit
 Peaking Circuit
 Uses diodes to charge a capacitor.
 Measure voltage across cap w/ voltmeter.
 To tune circuit, move turns of coil L3
further apart or closer together until the
reading on the voltmeter is maximum.
Third Transistor
 Final Amplification
10V

8V

6V

4V

2V
0s 1ms 2ms 3ms 4ms 5ms 6ms 7ms 8ms 9ms 10ms
V(C7:2) V(L6:2)
Time
 Signal Power

VE  2.537 IC  .0252
VC  9 VCE  VC  VE
P  IC VCE
P  0.163 Watts