Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Enthalpy Changes
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Solution: H H O O O
+
H H H H H H
O
Energy absorbed to break bonds = (2 x 436) + (1 x 496) = 1368 kJ
Energy released to form bonds = (4 x 463) = 1852 kJ
Hence, ∆ H = Energy absorbed – Energy released
= (1368 – 1852) kJ = - 484 kJ
Since ∆H is negative, the overall reaction is exothermic.
Chapter 13
Enthalpy Changes
Summary
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction
Heat energy is given out to the Heat energy is absorbed from the
surroundings. surroundings.
∆H is negative. ∆H is positive.
More heat is given out in making More heat is absorbed in breaking bonds
bonds than absorbed in breaking than given out in making bonds.
bonds.
Chapter 13
Enthalpy Changes
Quick check
1. What is meant by (a) an exothermic reaction, (b) endothermic reaction?
2. What is meant by enthalpy change? What symbol is used to represent enthalpy
change?
3. What type of reaction is it when the enthalpy change ∆H is
(a) positive, (b) negative ?
4. Sodium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid according to the equation:
NaOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l) ∆H = - 57.3kJ
(a) Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your
answer.
(b) What would be the heat evolved if 2 moles of sodium
hydroxide are completely neutralised ?
5. State whether the following are exothermic or endothermic reactions:
(a) decomposing zinc carbonate,
(b) reacting potassium with water,
(c) forming hydrogen atoms from hydrogen molecules,
(d) forming chlorine molecules from chlorine atoms,
(e) respiration,
(f) photosynthesis.
Solution
Chapter 13
Enthalpy Changes
Solution to Quick check
1. (a) An exothermic reaction is a reaction which gives out heat energy to the
surroundings.
(b) An endothermic reaction is a reaction which absorbs heat energy from the
surroundings.
2. Enthalpy change is the amount of heat given out or taken in during a reaction.
The symbol used is ∆H.
3. (a) Endothermic (b) Exothermic
4. (a) The reaction is exothermic because ∆H is negative which means that heat
energy is lost from the reactants.
(b) Amount of heat evolved = 2 x 57.3 = 114.6 kJ
5. (a) decomposing zinc carbonate: endothermic
(b) reacting potassium with water: exothermic
(c) forming hydrogen atoms: endothermic
(d) forming chlorine molecules: exothermic
(e) respiration: exothermic
(f) photosynthesis: endothermic
Return
Chapter 13
Enthalpy Changes
1. http://www.ausetute.com.au/enthchan.html
2. http://www.avogadro.co.uk/h_and_s/enthalpy.htm