Solar Water Pumping System

with efficient motor control

Guided by:-Dr. M.V. Aware

By:
BT13EEE006 - AJAY SINGH
BT13EEE016 - PRASANNJEET
JAISWAL
BT13EEE067 - ROHAN
AGARWAL
 Contents
Slide No.

• Introduction – (3-6)
• PV Array - (7-18)
• Motor – (19-28)
• H – Bridge Inverter - (29-41)
• Results – (42-55)
2
Solar Water Pumping System with
efficient motor control

3
 Basic block Diagram:

Motor
Supply Converter
(SPIM w/o Pump
(PV Array) (Inverter)
Capacitor)

4
Single phase capacitor start motor circuit:

Motor

5
 Basic Schematic Diagram
H-Bridge
𝐶1 𝑆1 𝑆4 Inverter
G G

PV Array

𝐶2 G 𝑆3 𝑆2
G

Auxiliary Winding

Motor 6
Main Winding
SOLAR ARRAY
 Equivalent electrical circuit of solar cell
Its current-voltage
characteristic is expressed by
the following equation,

Where, I and V are the solar cell output current and voltage respectively,
• I0 is the dark saturation current
• q is the charge of an electron,
• A is the diode quality (ideality) factor,
• k is the Boltzmann constant,
• T is the absolute temperature 𝑅𝑠 and 𝑅𝑠ℎ are the series and shunt resistances of the 8

solar cell.
Characteristics of the Solar Cell

9
Irradiation & Temperature effects
on characteristics of PV Array

10
 Characteristics of Irradiation and
Temperature
Power saving zone

Pumping zone

No run Zone

11
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Time of Day
Assume H= 6m, Q=2800 Litres per hour (Lph)

• WHP= 𝑄 ∗
𝐻
3960
= 45.7 W

֜BHP = 45.7/0.6 = 76.16 W

֜I/P Power = 76.16/0.6 = 126.9 W

considering efficiency of pump and motor

as 60%.
• Solar irradiation = 1 KW/𝑚2 /day (STC)
• Considering that pump is being used for 2 hrs daily
therefore energy required by pump is 253.8 Whr
• Energy required from solar panel
=253.8/(0.8*0.85*0.97)
=380.7 Whr
Assuming that sunlight is available for 5 hrs daily
Wpeak = 380.7/5 = 76.14 Wp
13
• Normally Photovoltaic panels give an output of 15W per square
feet.

• For 1 𝑚2 output = 161 W

So, we can use 1 𝒎𝟐 Photovoltaic Panel.

14
PV Array Simulation

Input-Output Terminals
𝐼𝑟 : Connect to this input a Simulink signal
representing varying Sun irradiance in W/𝑚2 .

T : Connect to this input a Simulink Signal

representing varying cell temperature in °C.

m: Simulink Output Vector containing Five

signals(V_pv, I_pv, I_diode, Irradiance,
Temperature). 15
1. Block Parameters

16
2. 𝑰𝒑𝒗

𝑰𝒑𝒗

𝑽𝒑𝒗

17
𝑽𝒑𝒗
𝑽𝒑𝒗

18
Motor

19
Motor
• A Single phase induction motor has been
used but not the usual one.

• Generally SPIM are Capacitor start and

Capacitor run where capacitor is used to
create 90 degree phase shift between
main and auxiliary winding.

• However, in this case Capacitor has been

removed instead the phase shift is
provided using the Gate pulses.

20
Single Phase Induction Motor Modelling

21
Motor Block Parameters used

22
1.Rotor speed

23
2. Electromagnetic Torque

24
3. Main Winding Current

25
4. Auxiliary Winding Current

26
5. Harmonic Analysis

27
 Speed Control
• T α Φ𝑎 I𝑟
α I𝑎 I𝑟
Where ,
Φ𝑎 = Flux per pole
V𝑎
α I𝑟 I𝑟 = Rotor Current
Z𝑎 V𝑎 = Armature Voltage
Z𝑎 = Armature Impedance
M𝑎 = Modulation Index
V𝑑𝑐 = DC voltage to Inverter
Now,
V𝑎 ⁼ M𝑎 . V𝑑𝑐

M𝒂 is controllable and thus by varying

28
modulation index we can vary torque
INVERTER

29
H-Bridge Inverter
•The Inverter we have used is a 2 arm Voltage Source inverter which uses
SPWM for conduction.

The basic circuit diagram is :

30
 Components of H-Bridge
• IGBT Switches
• Ir211
• TLP250 Gate Circuit
• 74Ls04 (Hex Inverter)
• dsPIC33EP256MC202 µC

31
 SINE PWM

• In single-pulse and multiple pulse modulation techniques the width

of all pulses are same but in sinusoidal pulse width modulation the
width of each pulse is varied in proportion to the amplitude of a sine
wave. The distortion factor and lower order harmonics are reduced. 32
• The gating signal of the inverter is obtained by taking the repeating
sequence (triangular wave) as the control signal and comparing it with the
reference wave (sinusoidal wave).

• Frequency of modulating signal sets the inverter output frequency and

peak magnitude of modulating signal controls modulation index which
controls the rms output voltage.
𝑉𝑎𝑐 = 𝑀𝑎 𝑉𝑑𝑐 sin(𝑤1 𝑡)
Where, 𝑀𝑎 – amplitude modulation index, 𝑉𝑑𝑐 – input dc voltage
𝑤1 – fundamental frequency

Thus, Rms output voltage 𝑉𝑎𝑐 = 𝑀𝑎 𝑉𝑑𝑐 /(√2) 33

• The requirement of this project is to design full-bridge
inverter(unipolar) that can produce an ac output with following
parameters :
𝑉𝑎𝑐 = 230 v
𝑓𝑜 = 50 Hz
𝑓𝑠𝑤 = 1000 Hz
𝑃𝑜 = 0.75 hp
𝑀𝑎 = 0.85
𝑀𝑓 = 20

Now, 𝑉𝑎𝑐 = 𝑀𝑎 𝑉𝑑𝑐 / √2

Hence, 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = (230*√2)/0.85 34

= 382.67 V
3.3 V 10 K
0.1uF
Pic kit 3
Output pulse 1
input
(1-5)
Output pulse 2

Vss
10pF

22pF

Pin Diagram of
0.1uF Microcontroller 35

Used
Flowchart of Program in Pic Kit

SPWM ISR

Oscillator Initialization

Set Triangular Wave (Edge align or Centre align)

Set PWM ownership bits

Enable PWM module

Load the Values into PDC registers

Enable Interrupt Return 36

 Gate Circuit

Controller
dsPIC 74LS04P

SPWM1 SPWM2

Opto-Isolator Half-Bridge Driver

Gate Pulses
to the
TLP250 IR2111 Switches of
Inverter

37
 Gating Pulses for H-Bridge
• Switch 1

38
• Switch 4

39
• Relative pulses showing 90 degree phase difference

40
Output Voltage from Inverter

41
RESULTS

42
Simulation Model

43
Simulation Output
1. Inverter Output Voltage (V)

44
2. Rotor Speed (rad/s)

45
3. Electromagnetic Torque (Nm)

46
4. Main winding Current

47
5. Auxiliary winding Current

48
6. Harmonic Analysis

49
COMPARED RESULTS

50
Input from normal AC supply Input from Inverter

51
 Harmonic comparison
Input from normal AC supply Input from Inverter

52
Hardware results

53
S1 Pulse S3 Pulse

54
Current in R1 and L1 Current in R2 and L2

55
THANK YOU

56