Topic 4 Computer Ethics & Security

4.
0 COMPUTER ETHICS
AND SECURITY
4.1 Computer Ethics
4.1.1 Intellectual Property
4.2 Computer Security

4.2.1 Computer Security Risk
4.2.2 Security Measures
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4.1 Computer Ethics
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LEARNING OUTCOMES :
 At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
◦ Define Intellectual Property.

◦ Identify types of Intellectual Property.
◦ Describe the importance of
Intellectual Property.
Computer Ethics
 Computer ethics is a rules or guidelines
that used to control computer users.
Intellectual Property
Definition :
 Unique and original works such as
ideas, inventions, literary and
artistic works, processes, names
and logos.
 Refer to the creation of mind used

in commerce.
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(1) Patent
Patent is an exclusive right granted for an
invention
Invention → a product or a process

that provides a new way of doing
something, or offers a new technical
solution to a problem.
(1) Patent – e.g: Nokia Handphone
(2) Trademark
• A distinctive sign which identifies
certain goods or services.
Examples :
LOGO
SIGN
SLOGAN
Color
DESIGN
(2) Trademark - Logo
(2) Trademark - Sign
(2) Trademark - Slogan
 I'm loving it
 Connecting People
 Finger Lickin' Good
(3) Copyright
A legal term describing rights given
to creators for their literary and
artistic works.
(3) Copyright
literary works - novels, poems, plays,

reference works, newspapers, computer
programs, databases, films, musical
compositions, and choreography
artistic works - paintings, drawings,

photographs, sculpture, architecture,
advertisements, maps and technical
drawings sanggagakputih.blogspot.com 14
Importance of Intellectual
Property
 To protect any original work that
created by individual person/
company for example, image,
drawing, lyric, publishing and so on.
 Preserve the features and processes

that make things work. This lets
inventors profit from their inventions.
SUMMARY
 Define Intellectual Property.
 Identify types of Intellectual

Property.
 Describe the importance of

Intellectual Property.
4.0 COMPUTER ETHICS
AND SECURITY
4.1 Computer Ethics

4.1.1Intellectual Property
4.2.1 Computer Security Risks
Computer Security Risks
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 At the end of this topic, students

should be able to:
 Define computer
security risks.
 Identify types of
security risks.
DEFINITION
Computer Security Risks
any event or action
that could cause
a loss of or damage to
computer hardware,
software, data,
information, or
processing
capability.
Types of Computer Security Risks
Internet and network attack
Unauthorized access and use
Hardware theft
Software theft
Information theft
System failure
MALWARE DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS
Internet and
network attacks
CLICKJACKING SPOOFING
PACKET SNIFFING
Internet and network attacks
Types of malware
Malwa
Malware
re
Symptoms Malware
• Operating system runs much slower than • Programs or files do not work
usual properly
• Available memory is less than expected • Unknown programs or files
• Files become corrupted mysteriously appear
• Screen displays unusual message or image • System properties change
• Music or unusual sound plays randomly • Operating system does not start up
• Existing programs and files disappear • Operating system shuts down
unexpectedly
1. Worm
is a program that copies itself repeatedly, for

example in memory or on a network, using up
resources and possibly shutting down the
computer or network.
2. Computer Virus
is a potentially damaging it can spread throughout and may

computer program that affects, or damage files and system software,
infects, a computer negatively by including the operating system.
altering the way the computer
works without the user’s
knowledge or permission.
How a Virus Can Spread through an E-Mail Message
Step 1
Unscrupulous programmers
create a virus program that
deletes all files. They hide the
virus in a word processing
document and attach the Step 2
document to an e-mail They send the e-mail message
message. to thousands of users around
the world.
Step 3a
Some users open the attachment and
their computers become infected with
the virus.
Step 3b
Other users do not recognize the name of the sender of the e-
mail
message. These users do not open the e-mail message —
instead
they immediately delete the e-mail message and continue using
their
computers. These users’ computers are not infected with the
virus.
3. Trojan horse
Is a program that hides it can spread throughout

within or looks like a and may damage files and
legitimate program. It system software, including
does not replicate itself the operating system.
to other computers.
4. Rootkit
Is a program that hides in a computer and allows someone

from a remote location to take full control of the computer.
The rootkit author can execute programs, change settings,

monitor activity, and access files on the remote computer
5.Botnet / zombie army
Definition : a group of compromised computers connected to a network such as the Internet

that are used as part of a network that attacks other networks, usually for nefarious purposes.
A bot is a program that performs a repetitive task on a network.
Cybercriminals install malicious bots on unprotected computers to create a
botnet, also called a zombie army. The perpetrator then uses the botnet to
send spam via e-mail, spread viruses and other malware, or commit a
distributed denial of service attack,

6.Back doors
Definition : a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass

security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network
they often install a back door or modify an existing program to include a

back door, which allows them to continue to access the computer
remotely without the user’s knowledge.
7.spyware
 Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that
secretly collects information about the user.
Types of spyware called Web bug, is hidden on Web pages or in e-mail messages
in the form of graphical images.
8. Adware
Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or 32

sanggagakputih.blogspot.com pop-up
window on Web pages, e-mail messages, or other Internet services.
Symptoms : spyware/ adware
You may see many more pop-up advertising windows than usual
Your web browser may go to sites you do not expect
Several other symptoms could indicate spyware or another type
of infection, such as a virus:
Your system may seem sluggish or become unstable
Network traffic on your system may increase
Denial of Service Attacks
(DoS)
 Denial of service attacks or DoS attack, is an assault whose purpose is to
disrupt computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail.
 Zombie - A compromised computer, is one whose owner is unaware

the computer is being controlled remotely by an outsider (zombie
Army/ botnet).
 Symptoms
– The victim computer network slows down considerably.
– unresponsive or unavailable, blocking legitimate visitors from

accessing the network.
Spoofing
Definition: a technique intruders use to make their network or Internet

transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network.
E-mail spoofing commonly is used for virus hoaxes, spam, and phishing
scams, IP spoofing, occurs when an intruder computer fools a network into
believing its IP address is associated with a trusted source. The victim may
provide confidential information or download files containing viruses, worms,
or other malware.
Spoofing
Phishing scam -is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail
message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information
Spoofing
Spam - is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to many

recipients or newsgroups at once. Spam is Internet junk mail
Pharming
Is a scam, similar to phishing, where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your
personal and financial information, except they do so via spoofing.
That is, when you type a Web address in the Web browser, you are
redirected to a phony Web site that looks legitimate.
Packet Sniffing
 When you transmit data over the internet, the data is not sent in
one continuous stream.
To keep the performance of the internet as high as possible, the
data is cut into pieces
These pieces are called “packets”.
A Packet Sniffer is a program that gathers information from these
packets of data as it travels through the network
It may gather information like user names, passwords and other
confidential data.
Cable modem users are especially vulnerable to this kind of
program.
ClickJacking
Object that can be clicked on a Web site, such as a button,
image, or link, contains a malicious program.
Unauthorized Access
and Use
Unauthorized access
The use of a computer or network without permission.
Unauthorized use
The use of a computer or its data for unapproved or
possibly illegal activities.
Hardware Theft and
Vandalism
Hardware theft
Is the act of stealing computer equipment.
Hardware vandalism
The act of defacing or destroying computer
equipment.
Software Theft
Steals software media
Intentionally erases programs,
Illegally copies a program (Software Piracy- the unauthorized and illegal
duplication of copyrighted software.),
Illegally registers and/or activates a program.
Information Theft
Occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information.
If stolen, the loss of information can cause as much damage as (if not more
than) hardware or software theft.
System Failure
 Is the prolonged malfunction of a computer. System failure also
can cause loss of hardware, software, data, or information.
 Effect
 System failure
 Aging hardware; natural disasters such as fires, floods, or

hurricanes;
 Electrical power variations can cause loss of data and loss

of equipment. (Noise, undervoltage, overvoltage, or
power surge[also called spike]
Term :
Unscrupulous programmers write malware and then test it to ensure it can deliver its
payload.
The payload is the destructive event or prank the program is intended to deliver.
Cookies a small text file that a Web server stores on your computer.Cookie files typically
contain data about you, such as your user name or viewing preferences.
Malware is a programs that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter the
computer’s operations.
Denial of service attacks or DoS attack, is an assault whose purpose is to disrupt

computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail.
Term :
A more devastating type of DoS attack is the DDoS (distributed DoS) attack, in which a
zombie army (botnet) is used to attack computers or computer networks.
Zombie - A compromised computer, is one whose owner is unaware the computer is

being controlled remotely by an outsider.
Spam - is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to many recipients or

newsgroups at once. Spam is Internet junk mail
Phishing scam -is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail
message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
Malware delivers its payload on a computer in a variety of ways:
when a user
(1) opens an infected file,
(2) runs an infected program,
(3) boots the computer with infected removable
media inserted in a drive or plugged in a port,
(4) connects an unprotected computer to a network,
or
(5) when a certain condition or event occurs, such as the computer’s
clock changing to a specific date.
4.0 COMPUTER ETHICS AND
SECURITY
4.1 Computer Ethics
4.2.1 Computer Security Risks
LEARNING OUTCOMES :
 At the end of this topic, students

should be able to:
 Identify different ways to

overcome security risks.
A n
n t
Security Measures
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SECURITY MEASURES
Internet and network attacks :
[Worm, Computer Virus, Trojan Horse and Rootkit]
Install an antivirus program and a

personal firewall.
SECURITY MEASURES
An antivirus program protects a

computer against viruses found in
memory, on storage media, or on
incoming files.
SECURITY MEASURES
Popular Antivirus Programs :

 AVG Anti-Virus
 Avast Anti-virus
 BitDefender Anti-Virus
 F-Secure Anti-Virus
 Kaspersky Anti-Virus
 McAfee VirusScan
 Norton Antivirus
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SECURITY MEASURES
A personal firewall is a utility program

that detects and protects a personal
computer and its data from unauthorized
intrusions.
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SECURITY MEASURES
Stand-Alone Personal Firewall Software :

 BitDefender Internet Security
 CA Personal Firewall
 McAfee Internet Security
 Norton Personal Firewall
 Webroot Desktop Firewall
 ZoneAlarm Pro
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SECURITY MEASURES
Don't start a
computer with
removable media in
the drives or ports.
SECURITY MEASURES
Don't open an e-mail

attachment unless
you are expecting the
attachment and it is
from a trusted
source.
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SECURITY MEASURES
Stay informed about any new virus alert

or virus hoax.
SECURITY MEASURES
Spyware and Adware
Spyware remover : Program that detects and

deletes spyware and other similar programs
on a user's computer.
Examples :
 Ad-Aware
 Spy Sweeper
 Windows Defender
SECURITY MEASURES
Botnets, DoS Attacks, Back Doors, and Spoofing
A firewall is hardware and/or

software that protects a network's
resources from intrusion by users
on another network such as the
Internet.
SECURITY MEASURES
Botnets, DoS Attacks, Back Doors, and Spoofing
SECURITY MEASURES
Information Theft
Cryptography : Technology of encoding

information so it can only be read by
authorized individuals.
 Encryption : Process of converting

readable
data into unreadable characters
to prevent unauthorized access.
 Decryption : Process to decode encrypted

data. sanggagakputih.blogspot.com 63
SECURITY MEASURES
Information Theft
64
SECURITY MEASURES
Hardware/Software/Information theft
& System failure
A backup is a duplicate of a file,

program, or disk that can be used if
the original is lost, damaged, or
destroyed.
SECURITY MEASURES
Unauthorized Access and Use
Identification & Authentication

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SECURITY MEASURES
System failure
Two ways to protect from system failures

caused by electrical power variations include
 surge protectors and
 uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
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SECURITY MEASURES
Human Aspects : Awareness
 Provide in-house training for employees

or staff in computing to expose them in
computer security.
 Make a routine check to update from
new
virus, worm or other malicious threat.
 Make sure that do not make any mistake
in handlingsanggagakputih.blogspot.com
a computer and information.68
Summary
Computer Security Risks Security Measures
Internet and network attacks :  Antivirus program
worm, computer virus, trojan horse  Personal firewall
and rootkit
Internet and network attacks :  Spyware remover

spyware and adware  Adware remover
Internet and network attacks :  Firewall

Botnet, DoS attack, Back Door and
Spoofing
Unauthorized access and use  Firewall

 Identification
 Authentication
Summary
Computer Security Risks Security Measures
Hardware/Software/Information  Data backup
theft and System failure
Information theft  Cryptography
System failure  Surge protector

 Uninterruptible Power Supplies
***** Human Aspects : Awareness ****
QUESTION 1
1. Qausar works as an Information System Officer

in Takaful Insurance Company. One of his
responsibilities is to make sure all
corporate clients' data and information
protected and safe.
a) State the definition of Computer Security

Risks.
b) State one (1) example of security risk.
c) Identify two (2) security measures those are
suitable to overcome the security risk
mentioned in 1 b).
d) Name the technology that encodes
information
QUESTION 2
2. Lately Dr. Yassin has found that his computer

has been illegally access by someone. In
order to overcome this problem, he has created a
logon username and password for his
computer. Furthermore, his computer
has been infected with various malicious
codes.
a) State the name of the action underlined in

the paragraph above.
b) Give one (1) advantage of the action taken.
c) Name one (1) type of malicious codes that has
possibly attacked his computer.
d) Identify one (1) security measures that he can
QUESTION 3
a. Computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and

rootkits are classified as ____, which are
programs that act without a
user’s knowledge and deliberately alter the
computer’s operations.
b. ____ is a technique intruders use to make their

network or Internet transmission appear
legitimate to a victim
computer or network.
c. A personal ____ is a utility program that detects

and protects a personal computer and its data

from unauthorized access.
QUESTION 3
d. ____ occurs when someone steals personal or

confidential information.
e. A system ____ is the prolonged malfunction of a

computer.
f. A(n) ____ is a device that contains surge

protection circuits and one or
more batteries that can provide power during a
temporary or permanent loss of power.

Topic 4 Computer Ethics &amp; Security

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4.

4.2 Computer Security

4.1.1 Intellectual Property

◦ Define Intellectual Property.

 Refer to the creation of mind used

Invention → a product or a process

 Finger Lickin' Good

literary works - novels, poems, plays,

artistic works - paintings, drawings,

 Preserve the features and processes

 Identify types of Intellectual

 Describe the importance of

4.1 Computer Ethics

 At the end of this topic, students

Unauthorized access and use

is a program that copies itself repeatedly, for

is a potentially damaging it can spread throughout and may

Is a program that hides it can spread throughout

Is a program that hides in a computer and allows someone

The rootkit author can execute programs, change settings,

Definition : a group of compromised computers connected to a network such as the Internet

A bot is a program that performs a repetitive task on a network.

Cybercriminals install malicious bots on unprotected computers to create a

distributed denial of service attack,

Definition : a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass

they often install a back door or modify an existing program to include a

in the form of graphical images.

Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or 32

Your web browser may go to sites you do not expect

Several other symptoms could indicate spyware or another type

of infection, such as a virus:

Your system may seem sluggish or become unstable

Network traffic on your system may increase

 Zombie - A compromised computer, is one whose owner is unaware

– unresponsive or unavailable, blocking legitimate visitors from

Definition: a technique intruders use to make their network or Internet

Spam - is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to many

Is a scam, similar to phishing, where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your

personal and financial information, except they do so via spoofing.

redirected to a phony Web site that looks legitimate.

Object that can be clicked on a Web site, such as a button,

image, or link, contains a malicious program.

Steals software media

Intentionally erases programs,

Illegally copies a program (Software Piracy- the unauthorized and illegal

duplication of copyrighted software.),

Illegally registers and/or activates a program.

Occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information.

than) hardware or software theft.

 Aging hardware; natural disasters such as fires, floods, or

 Electrical power variations can cause loss of data and loss

Denial of service attacks or DoS attack, is an assault whose purpose is to disrupt

Zombie - A compromised computer, is one whose owner is unaware the computer is

Spam - is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to many recipients or

 At the end of this topic, students

 Identify different ways to

Install an antivirus program and a

An antivirus program protects a

Popular Antivirus Programs :

A personal firewall is a utility program

Stand-Alone Personal Firewall Software :

 McAfee Internet Security

 Norton Personal Firewall

 Webroot Desktop Firewall

Topic 4 Computer Ethics & Security

Topic 4 Computer Ethics & Security

* Human Aspects : Awareness